Answer:
The Electric flux will be 
Explanation:
Given
Strength of the Electric Field at a distance of 0.158 m from the point charge is

We know that the flux of the Electric Field can be calculated by using Gauss Law which is given by

Let consider a sphere of radius 0.158 m as Gaussian Surface at a distance of 0.158 m from the point charge and Let
be the flux of the Electric Field coming out\passing through it which is given by

It can be observed that same amount of flux which is passing through the Gaussian sphere of radius 0.158 is also passing through the Gaussian sphere of radius 0.142 m at a distance of 0.142 m from its centre.
Also it can be observed that the charge inside the two Gaussian Sphere mentioned have same value so the Flux of electric field through them will also be same.
So the electric flux through the surface of sphere that has given charge at its centre and that has radius 0.142 m is 
Answer:
C) Mass of the ball
Explanation:
Independent variable is the variable the researcher changes.
Since Martin is testing the mass of the ball, he'll be using different balls and that is the only thing he changes.
The distance traveled by the ball is the dependent variable since it depends on the mass of the ball.
The height and length of the ramp are the constant variables since that's the only ones that remain the same throughout this experiment.
The particles in diagram 3 move fast enough to break away from each other.