Question

Less than 0.1% of the enegery in a food chain generally makes it from the sun to quaternary consumers

Answer 1

Generally, 10% of total available energy is transferred to the next trophic level in any food chain. Rest about 90 % of the stored chemical energy is lost as heat, a by-product of respiration. Let’s assume a 10% transfer rate, starting from producer (100%), primary consumer (10% ), secondary consumer 1%) and tertiary consumer have (0.1%). Therefore, quaternary consumers will have less than 0.1% of energy. Thus, statement is true.