Question

¿Cómo se explica utilizando como referencia las fuerzas intermoleculares el principio “igual disuelve igual”?

Answer 1

Answer:

Polar dissolves polar; nonpolar dissolves nonpolar

Explanation:

“Igual disuelve igual” in English is "like dissolves like."

It means that substances with similar intermolecular forces will dissolve in each other

"Polar dissolves polar" and "nonpolar dissolves nonpolar"

1. Polar dissolves polar

Water and ethanol are both polar.

The water-water and ethanol-ethanol intermolecular forces (H-bonding) are strong, but so are the water-ethanol attractions.

Thus, the molecules of each compound can mingle with each other.

2. Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar

Benzene and hexane are both nonpolar.

The benzene-benzene and hexane-hexane intermolecular forces (London dispersion)  are quite weak, but so are the benzene-hexane attractions.

Thus, the molecules of each compound can mingle with each other.

3. Polar DOES NOT dissolve nonpolar

Consider water and hexane.

The water molecules have strong H-bonds, but the strongest attractions between hexane and water are the much weaker dispersion forces.

The water molecules attract each other so strongly that the hexane molecules cannot get between them.

The substances separate into two layers. They are insoluble in each other.