Answer:
Option D: 1.5in in front of the target
Explanation:
The object distance is
.
Because the surface is flat, the radius of curvature is infinity .
The incident index is
and the transmitted index is
.
The single interface equation is 
Substituting the quantities given in the problem,

The image distance is then 
Therefore, the coin falls
in front of the target
1. 408.4 J
The work done by a gas is given by:

where
p is the gas pressure
is the change in volume of the gas
In this problem,
(atmospheric pressure)
is the change in volume
So, the work done is

2. 10170 J
The amount of heat added to the water to completely boil it is equal to the latent heat of vaporization:

where
m is the mass of the water
is the specific latent heat of vaporization
The initial volume of water is

and the water density is

So the water mass is

So, the amount of heat added to the water is

The volkswagon experiences a greater force as it was hit by a larger object that had a larger mass than itself
False.
Force is found by multiplying mass of an object by its acceleration.
F = mass * acceleration