A scientific law is the simple mathematical expression of the relationship involved. A principle is the same relationship expressed in words. A theory is the explanation of the facts that make up the relationship.
A salt is dissolved in water which has a freezing point of 0 degrees celsius. the freezing point of the solution would be dependent on the concentration of the salt in the solution. It is explained by the colligative properties. These <span>are </span>properties<span> that depend upon the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not upon the identity of the solute. Hope this answers the question.</span>
Answer:
The first part can be solved via conservation of energy.

For the second part,
the free body diagram of the car should be as follows:
- weight in the downwards direction
- normal force of the track to the car in the downwards direction
The total force should be equal to the centripetal force by Newton's Second Law.

where
because we are looking for the case where the car loses contact.

Now we know the minimum velocity that the car should have. Using the energy conservation found in the first part, we can calculate the minimum height.

Explanation:
The point that might confuse you in this question is the direction of the normal force at the top of the loop.
We usually use the normal force opposite to the weight. However, normal force is the force that the road exerts on us. Imagine that the car goes through the loop very very fast. Its tires will feel a great amount of normal force, if its velocity is quite high. By the same logic, if its velocity is too low, it might not feel a normal force at all, which means losing contact with the track.