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4 years ago

What is the main component of atoms that determines the type of bond that forms between atoms or compounds? Explain.

1 answer:

4 0

I think There should be a valanced state in every atom. (Valanced state means, 8 electrons in the outer most orbit) In case take a atom has 8 electrons in the outer orbit, so when bonding the two atom to form a molecule, there is a Ionic Bond (because of both atoms has its own valanced electron(8 electrons in outer most orbit).

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an electron in the 3rd shell of an Aluminium atom moves to the first shell in a bombardment process. Calculate the frequency of

Liula [17]

Following the quantic theory, the energy of a photon equals the radiation frequency multiplied by the universal constant. ν = 2.923x10¹⁵ Hz. E = 3.09x10¹⁵Hz.

<h3>What is quantum mechanic?</h3>

It is the branch of physics that studies objects and forces at a very low scale, at atoms, subatoms, and particles levels.

Quantum mechanics states that the elemental particles that constitute matter -electrons, neutrons, protons- have the properties of a wave and a particle.

It emerges from the quantic theory exposed by Max Planck (1922), in which he affirmed that light propagates in energy packages or photons.

He discovered the Universal Planck constant, h, used to calculate the energy of a photon.

He stated that the energy of a photon (E) equals the radiation frequency (ν) multiplied by the universal constant (h).

E = νh

In the exposed example, we need to calculate the energy required to change from the 3rd shell to the first shell.

To do it, we should know that the energy in a level (Eₙ) equals the energy associated to an electron in the most inferior energy level (E₁) divided by the square of the shell number (n²).

Eₙ = E₁ / n²

E₁ is a constant. We can express it in Joules or electroVolts

E₁ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J
E₁ = -13.6 eV

So, let us calculate the energy at level 1 and 3

Eₙ = E₁ / n²

E₁ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 1² = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J

E₁ = -13.6 eV / 1² = -13.6 eV

E₃ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 3² = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 9 = - 2.42x10⁻¹⁹ J

E₃ = -13.6 eV / 3² = -13.6 eV / 9 = - 1.51 eV

The change of energy can be calculated in two ways,

Option 1

ΔE = E₁ - E₃ = 2.18x10⁻¹⁸ - 2.42x10⁻¹⁹ = 1.93x10⁻¹⁸J

ΔE = E₁ - E₃ = 13.6 - 1.51 = 12.09 eV

Option 2

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE =-13.6 eV (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

Where nf is the final level and ni is the initial level. When the electron passes from its initial level to its final level it is called electronic transition.

ni = 3
nf = 1

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/1² - 1/3²)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1 - 0.111)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (0.888)

ΔE = - 1.937x10⁻¹⁸ J

ΔE = -13.6 eV (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE = -13.6 eV (1/1² - 1/3²)

ΔE = -13.6 eV (1 - 0.111)

ΔE = -13.6 eV (0.888)

ΔE = -12.08 eV

This is the energy required for the electron to go from n= 3 to n = 1. The negative sign (-) means energy (as light or photons) released or emitted.

If we want to express the result in Hz, we just need to make a conversion.

1Hz ⇔ 6.626x10⁻³⁴J ⇔ 4.136x10¹⁵ eV.

The energy required for the electron to go from n= 3 to n = 1 is 3.09x10¹⁵ Hz.

Now, we need to calculate the frequency, ν. This is, how many times the wave oscillates back and foward per second.

To do it, we will use the universal Planck constant, h, and the absolute value of the energy, E.

ν = E/h = 1.937x10⁻¹⁸ J / 6.626x10⁻³⁴ Js = 2.923x10¹⁵ 1/s = 2.923x10¹⁵ Hz.

Answer:

Frequency, ν = E/h = 2.923x10¹⁵ Hz.
Energy, E = 3.09x10¹⁵ Hz.

You can learn more about quantum mechanic at

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5 0

2 years ago

PLEASE HELP PLEASE!!ASAP!

MariettaO [177]

Answer:

The mass of oxygen will be 19.53g

7 0

3 years ago

How does friction affect energy transformation

Westkost [7]

The friction can be used as a stopper for the electricity so it can slow

or it can increace speed

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Isobutylene is a hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber. when 0.847 g of isobutylene was subjected to combustio

Firlakuza [10]

Find the mass of C in the 2.657 g CO2:
(2.657 g CO2) / (44.01 g/mol) = 0.06037 mol CO2
Since each mole of CO2 also has 1 mole of C, this is equivalent to 0.06037 mol C.

Find the mass of H in the 1.089 g H2O:
(1.089 g H2O) / (18.02 g/mol) = 0.06043 mol H2O
Since 1 mol H2O has 2 mol H, this is equivalent to (0.06043)*2 = 0.1209 mol H.

Taking the ratio of H to C: 0.1209 / 0.06037 = 2.002 ~ 2
Therefore, the empirical formula of isobutylene is CH2.

6 0

3 years ago

why was the mass lost when the reaction was done in the normal setup but stayed the same when it was done in the gas collection

german

<h2>Answer : Law of conservation of mass</h2><h3>Explanation :</h3>

The law of conservation of mass states that in any reaction mass is neither created nor lost it has to remain constant in a system.

In this case, when the reaction setup was done in normal way the mass was lost in surrounding was not considered nor being calculated; whereas when the reaction was studied in a closed system where the gas was collected after the reaction the mass changes was noted down which helped to prove the point of law of conservation of mass and energy.

One can consider an example of soda can where the carbonated drink contains pressurized carbon dioxide gas. when opened the gas bubbles gets lost into the surroundings and we don't measure the mass changes. Instead if the soda can was opened in such a way where the gas evolved was measured then the mass changed would remain the same.

6 0

4 years ago