The answer is particle accelerators.
There are 4 moles of spectator ions that remain in solution.
The equation of the reaction is;
Na2CO3(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -------> PbCO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
We have to determine the limiting reactant. This is the reactant that yields the least amount of product. Note that the spectator ions are Na^+ and NO3^- that form NaNO3.
For Na2CO3
1 mole of Na2CO3 yields 2 moles of NaNO3
3 moles of Na2CO3 yields 3 × 2/1 = 6 moles of NaNO3
For Pb(NO3)2
1 mole of Pb(NO3)2 yields 2 moles of NaNO3
2 moles of Pb(NO3)2 yields 2 × 2/1 = 4 moles of NaNO3
We can see that Pb(NO3)2 is the limiting reactant.
Since [NaNO3] = [Na^+] = [NO3^-], it follows that there are 4 moles of spectator ions that remain in solution.
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If the grade of the ore is 37.3% nickel, then the unknown quantity to get 10 grams of nickel is 0.373 x = 10 grams or x = 10/0.373=26.8 grams or 0.0268 kg needed to dig up to recover the 10 grams of nickel. At this grade of ore, 1 kilogram would yield 373 grams of nickel.
Explanation:
1. Attachment
Electron dot structure of H2S (hydrogen sulfide)
2. Attachment
Electron dot structure of F2 (Fluorine).