In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.
Newton never said that, and there's really no such thing as the "force of an object".
Newton said that the rate of change of an object's momentum is equal to the net force ACTING ON the object. These days, almost everybody says that the object's acceleration, multiplied by its mass, is equal to the net force ACTING ON it. This statement is entirely equivalent to the other one.
Newton's 2nd law applies everywhere, to simply all objects.