1) Answer is: beta decay.
Nuclear reaction: ⁴⁰K → ⁴⁰Ca + e⁻ + νe (electron antineutrino).
Beta decay is radioactive decay in which a beta ray and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus.
There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus.
In beta minus decay, neutron is converted to a proton and an electron and an electron antineutrino.
In this nuclear reaction, potassium (atomic number 19) changes to calcium (atomic number 20), atomic number Z is increased by one.
2) Answer is: ²¹⁴₈₄ Po.
Nuclear reaction: ²¹⁴Bi→ ²¹⁴Po + e⁻ + νe (electron antineutrino).
This is also beta minus decay, neutron is converted to a proton and an electron and an electron antineutrino.
In this nuclear reaction, bizmuth (atomic number 83) changes to polonium (atomic number 84), atomic number Z is increased by one.
