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wlad13 [49]
3 years ago
8

An atom is most stable when it has eight electrons in its outermost energy level.

Chemistry
1 answer:
Margarita [4]3 years ago
3 0

An atom is most stable when it has eight electrons in its outermost energy level.

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How can understanding atomic light help astronomers determine what planets are composed of?
GuDViN [60]

The most common method astronomers use to determine the composition of stars, planets, and other objects is spectroscopy. This process utilizes instruments with a grating that spreads out the light from an object by wavelength. This spread-out light is called a spectrum. Every element has a unique fingerprint that allows researchers to determine what it is made of.

The fingerprint often appears as the absorption of light. Every atom has electrons, and these electrons like to stay in their lowest-energy levels. But when photons carrying energy hit an electron, they can push it to higher energy levels. This is absorption, and each element’s electrons absorb light at specific wavelengths related to the difference between energy levels in that atom. But the electrons want to return to their original levels, so they don’t hold onto the energy for long. When they emit the energy, they release photons with exactly the same wavelengths of light that were absorbed in the first place. An electron can release this light in any direction, so most of the light is emitted in directions away from our line of sight. Therefore, a dark line appears in the spectrum at that particular wavelength.  

Because the wavelengths at which absorption lines occur are unique for each element, astronomers can measure the position of the lines to determine which elements are present in a target. The amount of light that is absorbed can also provide information about how much of each element is present.

5 0
3 years ago
A horizontal pipe 15 cm in diameter and 4 m long is buried in the earth at a depth of 20 cm. The pipe-wall temperature is 75 deg
Basile [38]

Explanation:

The given data for case (1) is as follows.

  h = 20 cm = 0.2 m

Assuming that a rectangular slab is placed above the pipe and we will calculate the heat transfer as follows.

              Q = kA \frac{\Delta T}{L}

  where,    A = area

                  L = length

                  k = thermal conductivity = 0.8 W/m

             \Delta T = change in temperature.

Therefore, putting the given values into the above formula as follows.

            Q = kA \frac{\Delta T}{L}

                = 0.8 W/m \times (4 m \times 0.15 m) \frac{75 - 5}{0.2}

                = 168 W

For case (2), h = 180 cm = 1.8 m

Therefore, heat lost will be calculated as follows.

                       Q = kA \frac{\Delta T}{L}

                           = 0.8 W/m \times (4 m \times 0.15 m) \frac{75 - 5}{1.8}

                           = 18.67 W

Thus, we can conclude that 18.67 W heat lost if the pipe was buried at a depth of 180 cm.

8 0
3 years ago
Why would an atom emit particles or waves from its nucleus?
Neko [114]

Answer:

It’s A non of these

Explanation:

5 0
2 years ago
What type of chemical reaction is demonstrated by this equation? A+BX-AX+B
BlackZzzverrR [31]

Answer:

d an acid - base reaction.

Explanation:

3 0
2 years ago
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The answer is D hope this helps
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3 years ago
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