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Svetradugi [14.3K]
3 years ago
13

Compare and contrast scientific theory and scientific law

Physics
1 answer:
grandymaker [24]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Similarities:

  • Both are based on observation.
  • Both are supported by empirical data
  • Both are tested repeatedly
  • Both are accepted by science
  • Both are based on natural phenomena

Differences:

  • Scientific law just describes a phenomenon. It does not give an explanation as to why the phenomenon occurs. It predicts an outcome of an event based on its initial condition.
  • Scientific theory gives an explanation as to why an event had occurred.
  • Laws are more resistant to change.
  • Theories can be refuted and accepted, and develop other theories as well

Take note:

A scientific theory cannot be "upgraded" into a law, and a scientific law cannot be changed into a theory.

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A record turntable is rotating at 33 rev/min. A watermelon seed is on the turntable 4.4 cm from the axis of rotation. (a) Calcul
romanna [79]

Answer:

a) a =0.53 m/s²

b) μ=0.054

c) μ = 0.068

Explanation:

a) If we assume that the turntable is rotating at a constant speed, the only force acting on the seed parallel to the surface, which keeps it  from following a straight line trajectory, is the centripetal force.

So, we can apply Newton's 2nd Law to the seed in this way:

Fnet = m*a = m*ac = m*ω²*r

We have the value of the angular speed, ω, in rev/min, so it is advisable to convert it to rad/sec, as follows:

ω = 33 rev/min*(1 min/60 sec)*(2*π rad/ 1 rev) = 11/10*π rad/sec

So, replacing in (1), we can solve for ac, as follows:

ac = ω²*r = (11/10)²*π²*0.044 m = 0.53 m/s²

b) Now, the centripetal force that we found above, is not a new type of force, it must be a force that explains the behavior of the seed.

As the seed does not slip, the only force acting  on it parallel to the surface, is the static  friction force, which has a maximum value, as follows:

Ff = μ*N

As there is no movement in the vertical direction, this means that the normal force must be equal and opposite to Fg, so we can write the expression for Ff as follows:

Ff = μ*m*g

Now, this force is no other than centripetal force, so we can write this equation:

Ff  = Fc ⇒ μ*m*g = m*ac

⇒ μ*g = ac

Solving for μ:

μ = ac/g = 0.53 m/s² / 9.8 m/s² = 0.054

c) During the acceleration period, added to the centripetal acceleration, as the angular speed is not constant, we will have also an angular acceleration, γ , which we can get as follows:

γ = Δω/Δt = (11/10)*π / 0.37 s = 9.34 rad/sec²

By definition of angular acceleration, there exists a fixed  relationship between the angular acceleration and the tangential acceleration (same as the one between angular and tangential speed), as follows:

at = γ*r = 9.34 rad/sec²*0.044 m = 0.41 m/s

When the turntable has reached to its maximum angular velocity, it will have also the maximum value of the centripetal acceleration, which we have just found out.

So, the magnitude of the total acceleration (at the moment of maximum acceleration) as they are perpendicular each  other) , is given by the following expression:

a = √(ac)²+(at)² = 0.67 m/s²

Now, as friction force opposes to the relative movement between surfaces (the seed and the turntable), it shall be larger than the product of the mass times the total acceleration, acting along  the same action line, so we can say:

Ffmin = μ*m*g = m*a

⇒ μmin = a/g = 0.67 m/s²/9.8 m/s² = 0.068

5 0
3 years ago
The graph represents the reaction 2H2 + 02 32H20 as it reaches
Alex

Answer:

C and D

Explanation:

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A miner of mass 90kg travels down a slide calculate the potential energy of the miner when he moves15m vertically downwards
Lena [83]
Answer:

Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh

Explanation:

As the miner moves down, the GPE changes because the height changes.

Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh


8 0
3 years ago
Two runners are competing in track meet. Samantha runs with a speed of 10 m/s and completes her race in 10 seconds. Jordin takes
Mashutka [201]
The answer for this question is B.
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A railroad car is pulled through the distance of 960 m by a train that did 578 kJ of work during this pull.
Wittaler [7]

Answer:

<h2>602.08 N</h2>

Explanation:

The force supplied by the train can be found by using the formula

f =   \frac{w}{d}  \\

w is the workdone

d is the distance

From the question we have

f =  \frac{578000}{960}  \\  = 602.083333...

We have the final answer as

<h3>602.08 N</h3>

Hope this helps you

7 0
3 years ago
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