Answer:
1. Bryofita
2. vascular plants
3. Seed vascular plants (gymnosperms)
4. Angiosperms
Explanation:
1. Bryofita
Around 475 million years ago, the origin of plants was thought to originate from aquatic ancestors (green algae). Adaptation to terrestrial life is proven by the presence of sporopolenin and layered gametangia that protect gametes and embryos. This adaptation occurs in bryophytes which are the first terrestrial plants. Bryofita or mosses develop into various vanations in their group. Most briolites do not have vascular tissue (water from the environment is diluted and absorbed by the SD, but some briophytes have water-carrying vessels.
2. Vascular plants
Around 400 million years ago, the evolution of plants was marked by the diversification of vascular plants (vascular plants). These early vascular plants are seedless plants, for example in the types of ferns seria into other groups of seedless plants.
3. Seed vascular plants (gymnosperms)
Plant evolution begins with the appearance of seeds, which are structures that protect the embryo from drought and the threat of environmental change. The emergence of these seed plants accelerated the expansion of plant colonization on land. Plant seeds consist of embryos and food reserves that are protected by a cover. Seed vascular plants appeared about 360 million years ago with the appearance of Gymnosperms. Gymnosperms consist of conifers with a variety of types. Conifers and ferns dominate life in the months between more than 200 million years.
4. Angiosperms
About 130 million years ago marked the emergence of flowering plants that have a somewhat reproductive structure
complicated where the seeds are protected by a room called the ovary.Because the seeds are protected in such a way that this group discusses closed seed plants or Angiosperms
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Details
Class : Junior High
Subject : Biology
Keywords
- Plant
- Plant Evolution
Answer:
to be successful while not using my thumb, i used the rest of my fingers and my hand to grasp the object
Explanation:
Nucleotide bases are added to DNA strands in a 5' to 3' direction.
What is DNA replication?
When a cell divides, DNA copies itself through a process called replication.
- Generally speaking, DNA replication involves uncoiling the helix, strand separation by rupturing the hydrogen bonds between the complementary strands, and synthesis of two new strands through complimentary base pairing.
- The origin of replication, which is a precise location in the DNA, is where replication starts.
- From the point of origin, DNA replication is bidirectional.
- The two parent DNA strands unwind and split apart at the origin of replication to generate two "Y-shaped" replication forks in order to start DNA replication.
- These unwinding enzymes are known as DNA helicases.
- The real location of DNA copying is at these replication forks.
- Proteins that destabilize helices bind to the single-stranded areas to prevent the two strands from rejoining.
- To reduce stress on the helical molecule during replication, enzymes known as topoisomerases cause breaks in the DNA and then reunite them.
- The hydrogen bonding of free DNA nucleotides with those on each parent strand results in the formation of new complementary strands as the strands continue to unwind and split in both directions around the entire DNA molecule.
- The new nucleotides are joined by DNA polymerases using phosphodiester bonds as they align themselves opposite each parent strand using hydrogen bonds.
- Deoxynucleotide triphosphates, which are made up of a nitrogenous base called deoxyribose and three phosphates, are the actual nucleotides that are aligning through complementary base pairing.
- Two of the phosphates are withdrawn to provide energy for bonding as the phosphodiester bond forms between the 3' OH of the previous nucleotide in the DNA strand and the 5' phosphate group of the next nucleotide.
- In the end, two identical DNA molecules are created when each parent strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary copy of itself.
Hence, nucleotide bases are added to DNA strands in a 5' to 3' direction.
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Answer:
The term transgenic plants refers to the plants whose DNA is modified through genetic engineering. This means that one or several genes from a different species are introduced and combined with the genetic material of the plant which changes the traits of the original genome.
While horizontal gene transfer has been shown to occur naturally in nature (between plants that grow close to each other), various artificial techniques are used to insert gene sequences to some plants with the aim of increasing yields, making them more tolerant of various environmental conditions, or making them more resistant to given biotic stresses, etc.
Deficient Fluid Volume is the nursing diagnosis that is most likely to apply to a patient who has a dysfunction of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
The posterior pituitary produces ADH; disruptions in the levels of ADH upset the body's normal fluid balance. The hormones produced by the posterior pituitary do not directly affect immune function, tissue perfusion, or body temp.
Deficient fluid volume, or hypovolemia, results from a loss of body fluid or fluid shift, causing the fluid output to surpass fluid intake. In this process (acute or chronic), the body loses fluid volume and electrolytes. The source for this condition can be gastrointestinal, renal, or even metabolic.
Symptoms:
- Expresses feeling thirsty
- Verbalizes feelings of weakness
- States feeling dizzy/lightheaded, especially when changing position
- Complains about an inability to focus
- Complains of headaches
- Describes feeling of fast heartbeat
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