How is the periodic table helpful in determining the types of bonds an element will form?

Construct a three-step synthesis of 1,2-epoxycyclopentane from cyclopentanol by dragging the appropriate formulas into the bins.

zubka84 [21]

Answer:

(1) Bromination, (2) E2 elimination and (3) epoxidation

Explanation:

In the first step, -OH group in cyclopentanol is replaced by more facile leaving group Br by treating cyclopentanol with $PBr_{3}$
In the second step, E2 elimination in presence of strong base e.g. NaOEt/EtOH produce cyclopentene
In the third step, treatment of cyclopentene with mCPBA produces 1,2-epoxycyclopentane
Full reaction scheme has been shown below

3 0

2 years ago

All the molecules of a substance possess the "average kinetic energy" value.

MaRussiya [10]

Answer:

true

Explanation:

when molecules of a solid substance is vibrating so, it means they are possessing average kinetic energy. thus, we can conclude that the statement all the molecules of a substance posses the average kinetic energy value is true.

3 0

3 years ago

In one step in the synthesis of the insecticide Sevin, naphthol reacts with phosgene as shown.

Serhud [2]

Answer:

Explanation:

Chemical equation:

C₁₀H₈O + COCl₂ → C₁₁H₇O₂Cl + HCl

A. How many kilograms of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl form from 2.5×10*2 kg of naphthol?

Given data:

Mass of naphthol = 2.5 ×10² kg ( 250×1000 = 250000 g)

Mass of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl = ?

Solution:

Number of moles of naphthol = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles of naphthol = 250000 g/ 144.17 g/mol

Number of moles of naphthol = 1734.1 mol

Now we will compare the moles of naphthol with C₁₁H₇O₂Cl.

C₁₀H₈O : C₁₁H₇O₂Cl

1 : 1

1734.1 : 1734.1

Mass of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 1734.1 mol × 206.5 g/mol

Mass = 358091.65 g

Gram to kilogram:

1 kg×358091.65 g/ 1000 g = 358.1 kg

B. If 100. g of naphthol and 100. g of phosgene react, what is the theoretical yield of C11H7O2Cl?

Given data:

Mass of naphthol = 100 g

Mass of COCl₂ = 100 g

Theoretical yield of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl = ?

Solution:

Number of moles of naphthol:

Number of moles of naphthol = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles of naphthol = 100 g/ 144.17 g/mol

Number of moles of naphthol = 0.694 mol

Number of moles of phosgene:

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 100 g/ 99 g/mol

Number of moles = 1.0 mol

Now we will compare the moles of naphthol and phosgene with C₁₁H₇O₂Cl.

C₁₀H₈O : C₁₁H₇O₂Cl

1 : 1

0.694 : 0.694

COCl₂ : C₁₁H₇O₂Cl

1 : 1

1.0 : 1.0

The number of moles of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl produced by C₁₀H₈O are less so it will limiting reactant and limit the yield of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl.

Mass of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.694 mol × 206.5 g/mol

Mass = 143.3 g

Theoretical yield = 143.3 g

C. If the actual yield of C11H7O2Cl in part b is 118 g, what is the percent yield?

Given data:

Actual yield of C₁₁H₇O₂Cl = 118 g

Theoretical yield = 143.3 g

Percent yield = ?

Solution:

Formula :

Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield × 100

Now we will put the values in formula.

Percent yield = 118 g/ 143.3 g × 100

Percent yield = 0.82 × 100

Percent yield = 82%

5 0

2 years ago

When you decrease the volume of a gas, what happens to the temperature?

ale4655 [162]

the temperature is decreased

4 0

3 years ago

The sulfur atom of sulfur dioxide is considered to be sp2-hybridized. The expected bond angle is 120°, but is actually slightly

Alja [10]

Answer: The bonds are intermediate between double and single bonds

Explanation:

A closer look at the diagram below shows that the bonds in sulphur IV oxide are intermediate between double and single bonds. Hence they do not have the exact bond angle of single bonds. This is why the bond angle is not exactly 120°. There are two resonance structures in the diagram that clearly show this point.

6 0

3 years ago