You can usually warm something by adding energy. The added energy can be from light, electricity, friction, a chemical reaction, nuclear reaction, or any other kind of energy. When first added to a substance, energy might be concentrated in one atom, but this one will soon bump into others and spread the energy. Eventually, every atom or molecule in the substance will move a bit faster. When the added energy is spread throughout a substance, it is then called heat energy, thermal energy, or, simply heat. All three terms mean the same thing. Heat is a form of energy, so it has the units of energy. In the SI system, this is Joules. Many other units to measure thermal energy are in common use. Calories and BTU's are common heat units.
Temperature
You cannot measure heat directly, but you can detect its effect on a substance. Changes in heat can usually be detected as changes in temperature. Usually, when you add energy to a bunch of atoms they move faster and get hotter. Similarly, if you remove energy from a bunch of atoms, they usually move less and get cooler.
b. craters, river valleys feeding into surface lakes of very cold liquids
Explanation:
Jovian moons are the four largest satellites like the moon of the Jupiter ie the Lo, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto and were first seen by the galileo. They are amiugly the largest moons with radii larger than the dwarf planet.
Lo has more than 400 active volcanoes and dotted more than 100 mountains and has an extremely thin atmosphere made up of sulfur dioxide. The Europa has deep oceans of liquid water, and the layer of ice, and are characteristic of the tidal heating.
<u>While the surface of Callisto is heavily cratered and has salty liquid water.</u>
