Question

Draw a single lewis structure for the phosphate ion (po43−), assuming that the phosphorus atom can expand its octet such that the formal charge on each of the atoms is minimized. include all formal charges and lone-pair electrons.

Answer 1

The Lewis diagram with single bonds, and all the oxygens have 3 lone pairs.  PO4^3- has 5+4x6+3 = 32 e-


.. O 

....| 

O-P-O 

....| 

...O 


The only purpose that you might want to contain a double bond is for the reason that of an excessively strict adherence to formal charges. By creating one of the bonds a double bond you decrease the formal charge on P from +2 to +1 and one of the oxygens from -1 to 0. 

The detail is that all four bonds are undistinguishable. If one of the bonds was a double bond then one bond would have a superior energy that the others. That is why you could use resonance, to make all the bonds equal.

Answer 2

A single lewis structure for the phosphate ion (PO4 3−) is drawn in attachment below

Explanation:

Lewis structure is a simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in molecule. It is used to show how electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule.  Lewis structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for PO4 3- molecule.

First we count the total number of valence electrons. The phosphorus atom has five valence electron and each oxygen atom also has six. The ion carries charge 3-

P   ->    1 x 5 = 5

O   ->   4 x 6 = 24

+3 extra e^-    = 3

Total = 32

Then we draw the skeletal structure of the molecule. Square brackets around the entire iron indicates its charge.  

Then place the remaining valence electrons that not account far in previous step on individual atoms until the octet rule is satisfied. We accounted for 8 of 32 electrons and 24 remain to be assigned. Then by placing three lone pairs around each oxygen atom it will accounted for all the available electrons

The last step is we create multiple bonds for any atoms that do not have a full octet of valence electrons.

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