Note: <em>The question states the time to go upstream is a number of times (not explicitly written) the time to go downstream. We'll assume a general number N</em>
Answer:

Explanation:
<u>Relative Speed</u>
If a boat is going upstream against the water current, the true speed of motion is
, being
the speed of the boat and
the speed of the water. If the boat is going downstream, the true speed becomes
.
The question states the time to go upstream is a number of times N (not explicitly written) the time to go downstream. The speed of an object is computed as

Where x is the distance traveled and t the time taken for that. The time can be computed by

If
is the time for the upstream travel and
is the time for the downstream travel, then

Siince the same distance x= 10 miles is traveled in both cases:

Simplifying and rearrangling

Operating

Solving for 



If N=3

We can use the required value of N to compute the speed of the boat as explained
Answer:
1.53 s
Explanation:
Initially vertical component of velocity of the ball, uy = 7.5 m/s
Net displacement is vertical direction is zero, Δy =0
Use second equation of motion:
Δy = uy t + 0.5 a t²
Here, acceleration a = -g (g =9.8 m/s²)
Substitute all the values and solve for g
0 = 7.5 t -0.5 (9.8)t²
7.5 t = 4.9 t²
t = 1.53 s
Missing part in the text of the problem:
"<span>Water is exposed to infrared radiation of wavelength 3.0×10^−6 m"</span>
First we can calculate the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of the water, which is given by

where
m=1.8 g is the mass of the water

is the specific heat capacity of the water

is the increase in temperature.
Substituting the data, we find

We know that each photon carries an energy of

where h is the Planck constant and f the frequency of the photon. Using the wavelength, we can find the photon frequency:

So, the energy of a single photon of this frequency is

and the number of photons needed is the total energy needed divided by the energy of a single photon: