Answer:

Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Plane strain fracture toughness of 
Y value 
Stress level of
Generally the equation for length of a surface crack is mathematically given by



Therefore
in mm

A. Physical I/O sensors
Safety switches, operator inputs, travel limit switches etc
Answer
For isotropic material plastic yielding depends upon magnitude of the principle stress not on the direction.
Tresca and Von Mises yield criteria are the yield model which is widely used.
The Tresca yield criterion stated that yielding will occur in a material only when the greatest maximum shear stress reaches a critical value.
max{|σ₁ - σ₂|,|σ₂ - σ₃|,|σ₃ - σ₁|} = σ_f
under plane stress condition
|σ₁ - σ₂| = σ_f
The Von mises yielding criteria stated that the yielding will occur when elastic energy of distortion reaches critical value.
σ₁² - σ₁ σ₂ + σ₂² = σ²_f
Answer:
wind vane if it can be used to show wind speed and the other is a
Explanation:
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