Rutherford overturned Thomson's model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure.
Explanation:
μ = coefficient of friction.
F = Frictional force = 12N
R = Normal reaction = mg = Weight = 240N
m = mass
g = acceleration due to gravity ≈ 9.8ms—²
μ = F/R
<em>μ </em><em>=</em><em> </em><em>1</em><em>2</em><em>/</em><em>2</em><em>4</em><em>0</em>
<em>μ </em><em>=</em><em> </em>¹/20
μ = 0.05
Ep is gravitational potential energy
m is mass (kg)
g is gravitational field strength (N/kg)
h is height (m)
Ep= mgh
= 80kg*9.8N/kg*100m
= 78 400 J
The innermost electron of an atom has the lowest level of energy while the outermost electron has the highest level of energy.
There are different energy levels in the atoms of elements, for an atom to go into an higher level it has to obtain more energy and to go to lower level it has to lose energy.<span />