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KonstantinChe [14]
3 years ago
12

How many valence electrons does an iodine atom have

Chemistry
1 answer:
frosja888 [35]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

  • <em>An iodine atom has</em><u><em> 7 valence electrons.</em></u>

Explanation:

Iodine is a halogen so it is the group (column number) 17 of the periodic table. It is a representative element.

The number of valence electrons for the representative elements is equal to the second digit of the group number. So, group 17 means that iodince has 7 valence electrons.

Now, more formally, the valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom and you can determine how many of them an atom has by doing the electron configuration.

These are the steps:

  • Atomic number, of iodine, Z = 53

  • Number of electrons of the neutral atom = number of protons = 53

  • Distribute the electrons in ascending order of orbital energies, following Aufbau's rules:

  • 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵

  • If you count the electrons you must obtain 53: 2 + 2 +6 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 5 = 53.

  • The <em>valence electrons </em>are those in the highest principal energy level: 5s² 5p⁵, i.e 2 + 5 = 7.
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Answer:

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c. +3.

Explanation:

Start with elements with well-known oxidation states.

The oxidation state on oxygen O in compounds is mostly -2. Common exceptions include:

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The oxidation state on group 1 metals (Li, Na, K, etc.) in compounds is mostly +1.

The oxidation state on group 2 metals (Be, Mg, Ca, etc.) in compounds is mostly +2.

Barium Ba is a group 2 metal. The oxidation state on Ba in the compound BaSO₄ is expected to be +2.

The oxidation state on hydrogen H in compounds is mostly +1. The oxidation state on H might be negative when it is bonded to metals.  

The oxidation state on halogens (F, Cl, Br, etc.) is mostly -1. The oxidation state may vary when the halogen is bonded to oxygen or another halogen element.

Compounds are neutral. The oxidation state on all atoms in a compound shall add up to 0. Both BaSO₄ and HClO₂ are neutral.

<h3>BaSO₄</h3>

Oxidation states:

  • Ba: +2;
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Let the oxidation state on S be x.

2 + x + 4 × (-2) = 0;

x = 6.

Hence, the oxidation state on S in BaSO₄ is +6.

<h3>HClO₂</h3>

Oxidation states:

  • H: +1;
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Let the oxidation state on Cl be x.

<em>Refer to the equation in BaSO₄ as an example. Try setting up the equation on your own. </em>

x = 3.

Hence, the oxidation state on Cl is +3.

<h3>PO₄³⁻</h3>

Ions carry charge. Oxidation states on atoms in an ion shall add up to the charge of the ion. The superscript of an ion shows its charge. The superscript 3- in the phosphate ion shows that the ion carries a charge of -3.

Oxidation states:

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Let the oxidation state on P be x.

x + 4 × (-2) = -3;

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