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Whitepunk [10]
3 years ago
5

Who invented the transistor

Physics
2 answers:
Darya [45]3 years ago
8 0

William Shockley i think

erma4kov [3.2K]3 years ago
4 0

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.

Some of the earliest work on semiconductor amplifiers emerged from Eastern Europe. In 1922-23 Russian engineer Oleg Losev of the Nizhegorod Radio Laboratory, Leningrad, found that a special mode of operation in a point-contact zincite (ZnO) crystal diode supported signal amplification up to 5 MHz. Although Losev experimented with the material in radio circuits for years, he died in the 1942 Siege of Leningrad and was unable to advocate for his place in history. His work is largely unknown.

Austro-Hungarian physicist, Julius E. Lilienfeld, moved to the US and in 1926 filed a patent for a “Method and Apparatus for Controlling Electric Currents” in which he described a three-electrode amplifying device using copper-sulfide semiconductor material. Lilienfeld is credited with inventing the electrolytic capacitor but there is no evidence that he built a working amplifier. His patent, however, had sufficient resemblance to the later field effect transistor to deny future patent applications for that structure.

<span>German scientists also contributed to this early research. While working at Cambridge University, England in 1934, German electrical engineer and inventor Oskar Heil filed a patent on controlling current flow in a semiconductor via capacitive coupling at an electrode – essentially a field-effect transistor. And in 1938, Robert Pohl and Rudolf Hilsch experimented on potassium-bromide crystals with three electrodes at Gottingen University. They reported amplification of low-frequency (about 1 Hz) signals. None of this research led to any applications but Heil is remembered in audiophile circles today for his air motion transformer used in high fidelity speakers.</span>

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Monochromatic light of wavelength 687 nm is incident on a narrow slit. On a screen 1.65 m away, the distance between the second
Sophie [7]

Answer:

a ) 1.267 radian

b ) 1.084 10⁻³ mm

Explanation:

Distance of screen D = 1.65 m

Width of slit d = ?

Wave length of light   λ  = 687 nm.

Distance of second minimum fro centre y = 2.09 cm

Angle of diffraction = y / D

=  2.09 /1.65  

= 1.267. radian

Angle of diffraction of second minimum

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so 2 λ / d = 1.267

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When the distance increases, the electrostatic force____; we call this relationship proportional
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a body of mass 0.2kg is whirled round a horizontal circle by a string inclined at 30 degrees to the vertical calculate &lt;br /&
Katen [24]

Answer:

a)  T = 2.26 N, b) v = 1.68 m / s

Explanation:

We use Newton's second law

Let's set a reference system where the x-axis is radial and the y-axis is vertical, let's decompose the tension of the string

        sin 30 = \frac{T_x}{T}

        cos 30 = \frac{T_y}{T}

        Tₓ = T sin 30

        T_y = T cos 30

Y axis  

       T_y -W = 0

       T cos 30 = mg                     (1)

X axis

        Tₓ = m a

they relate it is centripetal

        a = v² / r

we substitute

         T sin 30 = m\frac{v^2}{r}            (2)

a) we substitute in 1

         T = \frac{mg }{cos 30}

         T = \frac{ 0.2 \ 9.8}{cos  \ 30}

         T = 2.26 N

b) from equation 2

           v² = \frac{T \ sin 30 \ r}{m}

If we know the length of the string

          sin 30 = r / L

          r = L sin 30

we substitute

          v² = \frac{ T \ sin 30 \ L \ sin 30}{m}

          v² = \frac{TL \ sin^2  30}{m}

For the problem let us take L = 1 m

let's calculate

          v = \sqrt{ \frac{2.26 \ 1 \ sin^230}{0.2} }

          v = 1.68 m / s

8 0
2 years ago
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