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Whitepunk [10]
3 years ago
5

Who invented the transistor

Physics
2 answers:
Darya [45]3 years ago
8 0

William Shockley i think

erma4kov [3.2K]3 years ago
4 0

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.

Some of the earliest work on semiconductor amplifiers emerged from Eastern Europe. In 1922-23 Russian engineer Oleg Losev of the Nizhegorod Radio Laboratory, Leningrad, found that a special mode of operation in a point-contact zincite (ZnO) crystal diode supported signal amplification up to 5 MHz. Although Losev experimented with the material in radio circuits for years, he died in the 1942 Siege of Leningrad and was unable to advocate for his place in history. His work is largely unknown.

Austro-Hungarian physicist, Julius E. Lilienfeld, moved to the US and in 1926 filed a patent for a “Method and Apparatus for Controlling Electric Currents” in which he described a three-electrode amplifying device using copper-sulfide semiconductor material. Lilienfeld is credited with inventing the electrolytic capacitor but there is no evidence that he built a working amplifier. His patent, however, had sufficient resemblance to the later field effect transistor to deny future patent applications for that structure.

<span>German scientists also contributed to this early research. While working at Cambridge University, England in 1934, German electrical engineer and inventor Oskar Heil filed a patent on controlling current flow in a semiconductor via capacitive coupling at an electrode – essentially a field-effect transistor. And in 1938, Robert Pohl and Rudolf Hilsch experimented on potassium-bromide crystals with three electrodes at Gottingen University. They reported amplification of low-frequency (about 1 Hz) signals. None of this research led to any applications but Heil is remembered in audiophile circles today for his air motion transformer used in high fidelity speakers.</span>

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2 years ago
17. (a) Will the electric field strength between two parallel conducting plates exceed the breakdown strength for air ( 3.0×106
sleet_krkn [62]

Answer:

Explanation:

Distance between plates d = 2 x 10⁻³m

Potential diff applied = 5 x 10³ V

Electric field = Potential diff applied /  d

= 5 x 10³  / 2 x 10⁻³

= 2.5 x 10⁶ V/m

This is less than  breakdown strength for air  3.0×10⁶ V/m

b ) Let the plates be at a separation of d .so

5 x 10³ / d = 3.0×10⁶ ( break down voltage )

d = 5 x 10³  / 3.0×10⁶

= 1.67 x 10⁻³ m

= 1.67 mm.

5 0
3 years ago
im bored and lonely put those two together and youve got me. any guys wanna create a zo.om just for fun. im dyying of boredom.
kipiarov [429]

Answer:

just guys

Explanation:

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7 0
3 years ago
A ball is thrown with an initial speed vi at an angle i with the horizontal. The horizontal range of the ball is R, and the ball
adell [148]

Answer:

Part a)

T = 2\sqrt{\frac{R}{3g}}

Part b)

v_x = \frac{\sqrt{3Rg}}{2}

Part c)

v_y = \sqrt{Rg/3}

Part d)

v = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{13Rg}

Part e)

\theta_i = 33.7 degree

Part f)

H = \frac{13R}{8}

Part g)

X = \frac{13R}{4}

Explanation:

Initial speed of the launch is given as

initial speed = v_i

angle = \theta_i degree

Now the two components of the velocity

v_x = v_i cos\theta_i

similarly we have

v_y = v_i sin\theta_i

Part a)

Now we know that horizontal range is given as

R = \frac{v_i^2 (2sin\theta_icos\theta_i)}{g}

maximum height is given as

H = \frac{R}{6} = \frac{v_i^2 sin^2\theta_i}{2g}

so we have

v_i sin\theta = \sqrt{Rg/3}

time of flight is given as

T = \frac{2v_isin\theta_i}{g}

T = \frac{2\sqrt{Rg/3}}{g}

T = 2\sqrt{\frac{R}{3g}}

Part b)

Now the speed of the ball in x direction is always constant

so at the peak of its path the speed of the ball is given as

R = v_x T

R = v_x 2\sqrt{\frac{R}{3g}}

v_x = \frac{\sqrt{3Rg}}{2}

Part c)

Initial vertical velocity is given as

v_y = v_i sin\theta_i

v_i sin\theta = \sqrt{Rg/3}

Part d)

Initial speed is given as

v = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2}

so we will have

v = \sqrt{Rg/3 + 3Rg/4}

v = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{13Rg}

Part e)

Angle of projection is given as

tan\theta_i = \frac{v_y}{v_x}

tan\theta_i = \frac{\sqrt{Rg/3}}{\sqrt{3Rg}/2}

\theta_i = 33.7 degree

Part f)

If we throw at same speed so that it reach maximum height

then the height will be given as

H = \frac{v^2}{2g}

H = \frac{13R}{8}

Part g)

For maximum range the angle should be 45 degree

so maximum range is

X = \frac{v^2}{g}

X = \frac{13R}{4}

3 0
3 years ago
A styrofoam container used as a picnic cooler contains a block of ice at 0°C. If 325 g of ice melts in 1 hour, how much heat ene
Sauron [17]

Answer:

30.0625 W

Explanation:

325 g/h   x    (1h x 1kg)/(3600s x 1000g)   x   3,33 x 10^5 J/Kg = 30.0625 J/Kg = 30.0625 W

8 0
3 years ago
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