They are different by a phase shift of pi/2
<span>Each atom in an ionic compound tends either to empty or complete the shell to 8 electrons. So when the number of electrons on the external shell is near 8 , the atom tends to attract electrons to complete the shell giving a positive ion called anion
Conversely when the number of electrons is small the atom gives these electrons to form a positive ion called a cation</span>
Answer: a. The concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values
Explanation:
The reactions which do not go on completion and in which the reactant forms product and the products goes back to the reactants simultaneously are known as equilibrium reactions. For a chemical equilibrium reaction, equilibrium state is achieved when the rate of forward reaction becomes equal to rate of the backward reaction.
Equilibrium state is the state when reactants and products are present but the concentrations does not change with time and are constant.
Equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants each raised to the power their stoichiometric ratios. It is expressed as 
K is the constant of a certain reaction when it is in equilibrium, while Q is the quotient of activities of products and reactants at any stage other than equilibrium of a reaction.
For a equilibrium reaction,

![K_{eq}=\frac{[B]}{[A]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Beq%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BB%5D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%7D)
Thus the correct answer is the concentrations of the reactants and products have reached constant values.
Answer:
A beaker
Step-by-step explanation:
Specifically, I would use a 250 mL graduated beaker.
A beaker is appropriate to measure 100 mL of stock solution, because it's easy to pour into itscwide mouth from a large stock bottle.
You don't need precisely 100 mL solution.
If the beaker is graduated, you can easily measure 100 mL of the stock solution.
Even if it isn't graduated, 100 mL is just under half the volume of the beaker, and that should be good enough for your purposes (you will be using more precise measuring tools during the experiment).