I'm assuming you mean models of the solar system:
Both Aristotle and Ptolemy had the idea that the solar system was geocentric. This means that all objects in the solar system including the Sun revolve around the Earth.
They don't require a medium to propagate, meaning that they can travel through air, solid objects, and space.
Thick lens will have shorter and consequently thin lens will have greater focal length. Because, For a thick lens, the optical path length of the light is more, than for a thin lens, thus, the bending of light will be more in case of a thicker lens. Consequently, it has a shorter focal length.