Answer:
a) 
b) 
Explanation:
given,
n =1.5 for glass surface
n = 1 for air
incidence angle = 45°
using Fresnel equation of reflectivity of S and P polarized light

using snell's law to calculate θ t


a) 

b) 

Kinetic energy = 1/2 * mass * velocity^2
In this case,
KE = 1/2 * 1569 kg * (15 (m/s))^2 = 176,5 kN
No they do not they just need to be in each other's magnetic field
The 3rd Quadrant is the lower left one on a graph,
where ' x ' and ' y ' are both negative.
Your picture is completely unrelated to this question.