All categories

3 years ago

Which of the following substances is the most soluble in water?

Chemistry

2 answers:

GuDViN [60]3 years ago

5 0

A. Sodium Chloride.

brilliants [131]3 years ago

5 0

Answer: A. Sodium chloride

Explanation: Sodium chloride ( $NaCl)$ is an ionic compound formed by transfer of electrons from sodium to chlorine.

Electronic configuration of sodium:

$[Na]=1s^22s^22p^63s^1$

Sodium atom will loose one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form sodium cation with +1 charge.

$[Na^+]=1s^22s^22p^63s^0$

Electronic configuration of chlorine:

$[Cl]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5$

Chlorine atom will gain one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form chloride ion with -1 charge.

$[Cl^-]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^6$

These ions can be separated in polar solvent water and thus are soluble in water.

Whereas methane ( $CH_4)$ is a covalent compound formed by sharing of electrons and is soluble in non polar solvents.

Bromine $(Br_2)$ is a covalent compound formed by sharing of electrons and is soluble in non polar solvents.

You might be interested in

Calculate the pH for each of the following cases in the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.210 M HClO(aq) with 0.210 M KOH(aq).

Degger [83]

a) before addition of any KOH :

when we use the Ka equation & Ka = 4 x 10^-8 :

Ka = [H+]^2 / [ HCIO]

by substitution:

4 x 10^-8 = [H+]^2 / 0.21

[H+]^2 = (4 x 10^-8) * 0.21

= 8.4 x 10^-9

[H+] = √(8.4 x 10^-9)

= 9.2 x 10^-5 M

when PH = -㏒[H+]

PH = -㏒(9.2 x 10^-5)

= 4

b)After addition of 25 mL of KOH: this produces a buffer solution

So, we will use Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to get PH:

PH = Pka +㏒[Salt]/[acid]

first, we have to get moles of HCIO= molarity * volume

=0.21M * 0.05L

= 0.0105 moles

then, moles of KOH = molarity * volume

= 0.21 * 0.025

=0.00525 moles

∴moles HCIO remaining = 0.0105 - 0.00525 = 0.00525

and when the total volume is = 0.05 L + 0.025 L = 0.075 L

So the molarity of HCIO = moles HCIO remaining / total volume

= 0.00525 / 0.075

=0.07 M

and molarity of KCIO = moles KCIO / total volume

= 0.00525 / 0.075

= 0.07 M

and when Ka = 4 x 10^-8

∴Pka =-㏒Ka

= -㏒(4 x 10^-8)

= 7.4

by substitution in H-H equation:

PH = 7.4 + ㏒(0.07/0.07)

∴PH = 7.4

c) after addition of 35 mL of KOH:

we will use the H-H equation again as we have a buffer solution:

PH = Pka + ㏒[salt/acid]

first, we have to get moles HCIO = molarity * volume

= 0.21 M * 0.05L

= 0.0105 moles

then moles KOH = molarity * volume
= 0.22 M* 0.035 L

=0.0077 moles

∴ moles of HCIO remaining = 0.0105 - 0.0077= 8 x 10^-5

when the total volume = 0.05L + 0.035L = 0.085 L

∴ the molarity of HCIO = moles HCIO remaining / total volume

= 8 x 10^-5 / 0.085

= 9.4 x 10^-4 M

and the molarity of KCIO = moles KCIO / total volume

= 0.0077M / 0.085L

= 0.09 M

by substitution:

PH = 7.4 + ㏒( 0.09 /9.4 x 10^-4)

∴PH = 8.38

D)After addition of 50 mL:

from the above solutions, we can see that 0.0105 mol HCIO reacting with 0.0105 mol KOH to produce 0.0105 mol KCIO which dissolve in 0.1 L (0.5L+0.5L) of the solution.

the molarity of KCIO = moles KCIO / total volume

= 0.0105mol / 0.1 L

= 0.105 M

when Ka = KW / Kb

∴Kb = 1 x 10^-14 / 4 x 10^-8

= 2.5 x 10^-7

by using Kb expression:

Kb = [CIO-] [OH-] / [KCIO]

when [CIO-] =[OH-] so we can substitute by [OH-] instead of [CIO-]

Kb = [OH-]^2 / [KCIO]

2.5 x 10^-7 = [OH-]^2 /0.105

∴[OH-] = 0.00016 M

POH = -㏒[OH-]

∴POH = -㏒0.00016

= 3.8
∴PH = 14- POH

=14 - 3.8

PH = 10.2

e) after addition 60 mL of KOH:

when KOH neutralized all the HCIO so, to get the molarity of KOH solution

M1*V1= M2*V2

when M1 is the molarity of KOH solution

V1 is the total volume = 0.05 + 0.06 = 0.11 L

M2 = 0.21 M

V2 is the excess volume added of KOH = 0.01L

so by substitution:

M1 * 0.11L = 0.21*0.01L

∴M1 =0.02 M

∴[KOH] = [OH-] = 0.02 M

∴POH = -㏒[OH-]

= -㏒0.02

= 1.7

∴PH = 14- POH

= 14- 1.7

= 12.3

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

How many valence electrons are in Lithium

denpristay [2]

Lithium has 3 electrons

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Which of the following elements is commonly found in the Earth's crust, living matter, oceans, and atmosphere? hydrogen , neon g

Svetlanka [38]

Answer: hydrogen

Explanation: hydrogen gas is a major component of water which occupies a large portion of the Earth's atmosphere

4 0

3 years ago

What is the volume of 1.56 kg of a compound whose molar mass is 81.86 g/mole and whose density is 41.2 g/ml?

hjlf

Answer:

v = 37.9 ml

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of compound = 1.56 kg

Density = 41.2 g/ml

Volume of compound = ?

Solution:

First of all we will convert the mass into g.

1.56 ×1000 = 1560 g

Formula:

D=m/v

D= density

m=mass

V=volume

v = m/d

v = 1560 g / 41.2 g/ml

v = 37.9 ml

7 0

3 years ago

What is meant by the ground state of an atom? What is meant by the ground state of an atom? All of the quantum numbers have thei

ANTONII [103]

Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

We know that ground state means in total electrons acquired by the element are present in their lowest energy level.

We calculate the azimutal numbers as follows.

n = l + 1

where, n = principle quantum number

l = azimuthal quantum number

Values of n can be 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on. Whereas the values of l can be 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on.

Also, "m" is known as magnetic quantum number whose values can be equal to -l and +l.

So, when n = 1 then l = 0 and m = 0.

When n = 2 then l = 1 and values of m will be equal to -1, 0, +1. As it is given that the magnetic quantum number ml = -1. Hence, it is only possible when n = 2.

And, n = 1 is the lowest energy level. Therefore, we can conclude that the ground state of an atom means all of the quantum numbers have their lowest values (n = 1,ℓ = mℓ = 0).

5 0

3 years ago