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Len [333]
3 years ago
15

Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is a relatively inexpensive commercially available starting material. Show how you could prepare m-iso

propylnitrobenzene from cumene.

Chemistry
1 answer:
mafiozo [28]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Nitration is a general chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into a chemical compound through a chemical reaction.

Aromatic nitration occurs with aromatic compounds thanks to an aromatic electrophilic substitution mechanism that includes the attack of an electron-rich benzene ring by the nitronium ion.

Explanation:

<h3> Reaction mechanism </h3>

Cumene reacts with concentrated and hot nitric acid giving

m- isopropylnitrobenzene. The reaction has two drawbacks: it is slow and also the concentrated and hot nitric acid can oxidize any organic compound by an explosive reaction. A safer procedure is to use a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst, allowing the reaction to take place more quickly and at lower temperatures.

Sulfuric acid reacts with nitric acid generating nitronium ion (NO2 +), which is the electrophile of the aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The nitronium ion reacts with cumene forming the sigma complex that loses a proton that is trapped by the bisulfate ion to give rise to m-isopropylnitrobenzene.

Nitration selectivity can be found by examining ring substituents and the effect they have on the reaction rate of this aromatic electrophilic substitution. Deactivation groups such as other nitro groups have a withdrawal effect of the electron pair that deactivates the reaction (creating difficulty in the formation of polynitrated products) and directs the electrophilic nitronium ion to attack the aromatic meta position.

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Viktor [21]
1.54 x 10^-10 (ten to the negative tenth power)
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What happens when an electron absorbs energy?
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Gets exited and moves at a faster constant speed

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[ 1.3 ] What is the concentration (%) of solute in the RBC (i.e., what is the concentration of all solute molecules combined?) A
ch4aika [34]

Answer:

0.9%

Explanation:

At the instance where you add RBCs to a solution of 0.9% NaCl, they will maintain their shape as well as their size, this is simply to indicate an equilibrium. That entails that the solution is isotonic to the RBCs. This must mean that the concentration of solutes on each side must be equal otherwise osmotic pressure would force water either in or out of the membrane. Therefore, one can also safely assume that RBC's also have a solute concentration of 0.9%.

3 0
3 years ago
Calculate the volume of a balloon that can hold 113.4 g of nitrogen dioxide, NO2 gas at STP-
Karolina [17]

Answer:

55.18 L

Explanation:

First we convert 113.4 g of NO₂ into moles, using its molar mass:

  • 113.4 g ÷ 46 g/mol = 2.465 mol

Then we<u> use the PV=nRT formula</u>, where:

  • P = 1atm & T = 273K (This means STP)
  • n = 2.465 mol
  • R = 0.082 atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
  • V = ?

Input the data:

  • 1 atm * V = 2.465 mol * 0.082atm·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 273 K

And <u>solve for V</u>:

  • V = 55.18 L
6 0
2 years ago
The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), a common air pollutant, is found in a room to be 5.7 x 10^-3 mg/cm^3. How many grams
damaskus [11]

The amount, in mg, of CO present in the room will be 191,520 mg.

<h3>Stoichiometric problem</h3>

The concentration of the gas in the room is 5.7 x 10^{-3} mg/cm3.

The dimension of the room is 3.5 m x 3.0 m x 3.2 m. This is equivalent to 350 cm x 300 cm x 320 cm.

We can obtain the volume of the room as:

                  350 x 300 x 320 = 33,600,000 cm3

The concentration is in mg/cm3, meaning that it is mass/volume.

Thus:

 mass = concentration x volume = 5.7 x 10^{-3} mg/cm3 x 33,600,000 cm3

                         = 191,520 mg

The mass of CO in the room is 191,520 mg

More on stoichiometric problems can be found here: brainly.com/question/14465605

#SPJ1

5 0
1 year ago
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