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Len [333]
3 years ago
15

Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is a relatively inexpensive commercially available starting material. Show how you could prepare m-iso

propylnitrobenzene from cumene.

Chemistry
1 answer:
mafiozo [28]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Nitration is a general chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into a chemical compound through a chemical reaction.

Aromatic nitration occurs with aromatic compounds thanks to an aromatic electrophilic substitution mechanism that includes the attack of an electron-rich benzene ring by the nitronium ion.

Explanation:

<h3> Reaction mechanism </h3>

Cumene reacts with concentrated and hot nitric acid giving

m- isopropylnitrobenzene. The reaction has two drawbacks: it is slow and also the concentrated and hot nitric acid can oxidize any organic compound by an explosive reaction. A safer procedure is to use a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst, allowing the reaction to take place more quickly and at lower temperatures.

Sulfuric acid reacts with nitric acid generating nitronium ion (NO2 +), which is the electrophile of the aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The nitronium ion reacts with cumene forming the sigma complex that loses a proton that is trapped by the bisulfate ion to give rise to m-isopropylnitrobenzene.

Nitration selectivity can be found by examining ring substituents and the effect they have on the reaction rate of this aromatic electrophilic substitution. Deactivation groups such as other nitro groups have a withdrawal effect of the electron pair that deactivates the reaction (creating difficulty in the formation of polynitrated products) and directs the electrophilic nitronium ion to attack the aromatic meta position.

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And a water molecule, this is called a dehydration synthesis. when 2 molecule combine, a water molecule leave.
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3 years ago
Sheena has a lump of sodium, a lump of potassium and a lump of lithium, but they’ve got mixed up and she doesn’t know which one
Arada [10]

Answer:

Explanation:

Just saw your request regarding answering this so here it is:

All of them belong of Group 1 in periodic table and thus are highly reactive! Pattern of reactivity for Group 1 (Alkali metals) increases as you move down the group as their radius keeps increasing and thus electrons can be easily lost. Thus, to ID the lumps, Sheena should look at their reactivity and she should get the following trend:

Most reactive: Potassium (K)

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Hope it helps!

5 0
3 years ago
Where/ what do you get a mole ratio from?
babymother [125]

Answer:

It takes two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen atom to produce this reaction, so the mole ratio between hydrogen and oxygen is 2:1. The reaction produces two water molecules, so the mole ratio between oxygen and water is 1:2, but the mole ratio between water and hydrogen is 2:2.

Explanation:

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
In order to use polysaccharides as an energy source, one must
SpyIntel [72]

Answer:d.break them down to monosaccharides

Explanation:

Polysaccharides are polymers made of monosaccharide monomers. The polysaccharides do not release energy except the monosacharides are broken down to monosaccharides by stepwise hydrolysis. To obtain energy from polysaccharides, the constituent monosacharides are obtained and these are now involved in the biological cycles that liberate energy.

8 0
3 years ago
A gas occupies 210 mL at -73°C to have the same gas occupy 360 mL:
const2013 [10]

Answer:

a. The temperature should be increased.

b. 342.86K

Explanation:

Using Charles law equation as follows:

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Where;

V1 = initial volume (mL)

V2 = final volume (mL)

T1 = initial temperature (K)

T2 = final temperature (K)

According to this question, the following information were given:

V1 = 210mL

V2 = 360mL

T1 = -73°C (-73 + 273 = 200K)

T2 = ?

Using V1/T1 = V2/T2

210/200 = 360/T2

Cross multiply

200 × 360 = 210 × T2

72000 = 210T2

T2 = 72000/210

T2 (new temperature) = 342.86K

8 0
3 years ago
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