Explanation:
Area of ring 
Charge of on ring 
Charge on disk

![\begin{aligned}d v &=\frac{k d q}{\sqrt{x^{2}+a^{2}}} \\&=2 \pi-k \frac{a d a}{\sqrt{x^{2}+a^{2}}} \\v(1) &=2 \pi c k \int_{0}^{R} \frac{a d a}{\sqrt{x^{2}+a^{2}}} \cdot_{2 \varepsilon_{0}}^{2} R \\&=2 \pi \sigma k[\sqrt{x^{2}+a^{2}}]_{0}^{2} \\&=\frac{2 \pi \sigma}{4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}}[\sqrt{z^{2}+R^{2}}-(21)] \\&=\frac{\sigma}{2}(\sqrt{2^{2}+R^{2}}-2)\end{aligned}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7Dd%20v%20%26%3D%5Cfrac%7Bk%20d%20q%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%2Ba%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7D%20%5C%5C%26%3D2%20%5Cpi-k%20%5Cfrac%7Ba%20d%20a%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%2Ba%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7D%20%5C%5Cv%281%29%20%26%3D2%20%5Cpi%20c%20k%20%5Cint_%7B0%7D%5E%7BR%7D%20%5Cfrac%7Ba%20d%20a%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%2Ba%5E%7B2%7D%7D%7D%20%5Ccdot_%7B2%20%5Cvarepsilon_%7B0%7D%7D%5E%7B2%7D%20R%20%5C%5C%26%3D2%20%5Cpi%20%5Csigma%20k%5B%5Csqrt%7Bx%5E%7B2%7D%2Ba%5E%7B2%7D%7D%5D_%7B0%7D%5E%7B2%7D%20%5C%5C%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%20%5Cpi%20%5Csigma%7D%7B4%20%5Cpi%20%5Cvarepsilon_%7B0%7D%7D%5B%5Csqrt%7Bz%5E%7B2%7D%2BR%5E%7B2%7D%7D-%2821%29%5D%20%5C%5C%26%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csigma%7D%7B2%7D%28%5Csqrt%7B2%5E%7B2%7D%2BR%5E%7B2%7D%7D-2%29%5Cend%7Baligned%7D)
Note: Refer the image attached
Answer:
0.00001266 m
Explanation:
D = Distance from source to screen
m = Order
d = Slit separation
The distance from a point on the screen to the center line

At m = 0


At m = 1

The slit separation is 0.00001266 m
Answer:
Polarizing angle, 
Given:
Critical angle, 
Solution:
Now, in Total Internal Reflection (TIR), the critical angle for cubic zirconia is given by:
(1)
where
= refractive index of zirconia
From eqn (1):


Now, the angle of polarization is given by:
tan
Therefore,

I don’t get what your asking?