Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
Answer:
The answer would be the first one: Binding of ribosomes to mRNA.
The speed of a longitudinal wave will not be affected by the temperature of its surrounding. Base on the formula for the wave speed (applicable on longitudinal wave), wave speed ( speed in m.s 2) is equal to the distance of a wave (wavelenth in meter) travel over a unit of time (seconds) or wave speed is equal to distance of a wave times the frequency (hertz), temperature is not included in calculating the wave speed.
Answer:
The correct answer is option 3. removal of hydrogen atoms from lactic acid.
Explanation:
In anaerobic conditions, it ferments to generate lactic acid. It is two way or reversible process in which oxidation of lactic acid produces pyruvic acid and NADH.
This process involves the removal of hydrogen atoms from the lactic acid and produces NADH and H⁺ in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and convert into pyruvic acid.
Thus, the correct answer is option 3. removal of the hydrogen atoms from lactic acid.
Answer:
Yes, there could be a fourth statement to cell theory
