Answer:
Average speed is total distance divided by total time.
v = d / t
Answer: Physical changes only change the appearance of a substance, not its chemical composition. Chemical changes cause a substance to change into an entirely substance with a new chemical formula. Chemical changes are also known as chemical reactions.
Explanation:
Answer:
a. 
b. 
Explanation:
I have attached an illustration of a solid disk with the respective forces applied, as stated in this question.
Forces applied to the solid disk include:

Other parameters given include:
Mass of solid disk, 
and radius of solid disk, 
a.) The formula for determining torque (
), is 
Hence the net torque produced by the two forces is given as a summation of both forces:

b.) The angular acceleration of the disk can be found thus:
using the formula for the Moment of Inertia of a solid disk;

where
= Mass of solid disk
and
= radius of solid disk
We then relate the torque and angular acceleration (
) with the formula:

Normally, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, which makes atoms electrically neutral. The number of protons in an atom is the defining feature of an atom. It's what makes one element different from another
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