They drill holes and bring up samples of rock and study how seismic wave move through the earth.
Coniferous trees because they can stay green all year long. Taiga biome are usually cold and coniferous trees never lose it’s color or leaves.
The physical processes on Earth create constant change. These processes—including movement in the tectonic plates in the crust, wind and water erosion, and deposition—shape features on Earth's surface.