Question

The electric potential at the origin of an xy-coordinate system is 40 V. A -8.0-μC charge is brought from x = +∞ to that point. What is the electric potential energy of this charge at the origin?

Answer 1

Answer:

-320 μJ.

Explanation:

Consider a point with an electrical charge of $q$. Assume that $V$ is the electrical potential at the position of that charge. The electrical potential of that point charge will be equal to:

$\text{Potential Energy} = q \cdot V$.

Keep in mind that since both $q$ and $V$ might not be positive, the size of the electrical potential energy might not be positive, either.

For this point charge,

• $q = \rm -8.0\; \mu C$; (that's -8.0 microjoules, which equals to $\rm -8.0\times 10^{-6}\; J$)
• $V = \rm 40\; V$.

Hence its electrical potential energy:

$\text{Potential Energy} = q\cdot V = \rm (-8.0\; \mu C) \times 40\; V = -320\; \mu J$.

Why is this value negative? The electrical potential energy of a charge is equal to the work needed to bring that charge from infinitely far away all the way to its current position. Also, negative charges are attracted towards regions of high electrical potential. Bringing this $\rm -8.0\; \mu C$ negative charge to the origin will not require any external work. Instead, this process will release 320 μJ of energy. As a result, the electrical potential energy is a negative value.