Answer:
- A. The line leading a bracket around the balls, labeled A, represents the nucleus of the atom.
- B. The white line, labeled B, is signaling the first main energy level, as per the quantum model of the atom.
Explanation:
You are describing the model of an atom with two protons, two neutrons, the electron density (orbital), and two electrons.
Then, you want to know what the <em>labels A</em> and <em>B</em> represent.
The nucleus of the atom is at the center, where protons and neutrons are placed. This is supported by three models: Rutherford's model, Bohr's model, and the (currently accepted) quantum model.
Hence, the red balls and the two overlapping balls in the center are representing the protons and neutrons.
The <em>line leading a bracket around the balls</em>, labeled A, represents the nucleus of the atom, since it is signaling both protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
The green fuzzy circular cloud depicts the region where the electrons are: it is fuzzy in correspondence to the quantum model, which states the electrons are not in a fixed position but in a region around the atom. That region is named orbitals. As per the model you cannot tell the exact position of the electron, and that is what the fuzzy cloud means.
In the the Bohr's model that white line, which should be circular, where the electrons are, depicts the orbit of the electrons, and the shell, which were idenfified with letters L, M, N, K. The first shell was the L shell.
In the quantum model, that line corresponds to the principal quantum number n, which is the main energy level. Hence, the line leading to a bracket overlapping the white line depicts the main energy level.
The atom is neutral because it contains the same number of electrons aroud the nucleus as protons inside the nucleus.
is given by
the specific heat capacity
and the amount of heat supplied is 
, so if we re-arrange the previous formula we find the increase in temperature of the water: