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Snowcat [4.5K]
3 years ago
8

Rubbing alcohol evaporates from your hand quickly, leaving a cooling sensation. Because evaporation is an example of a physical

property, how do the molecules of gas compare to the molecules as a liquid? 1. The gas particles have a stronger attraction between them and move slower than the liquid. 2. The gas and liquid particles have the same structure and identity but different motion and kinetic energy. 3. The bonds inside the molecule are broken, and atoms move closer together as evaporation occurs. 4. The bonds are broken, and atoms spread apart as it changes from liquid to gas.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Nookie1986 [14]3 years ago
8 0
The molecules in gas are farther apart and have more room to bounce around than liquid.Gas molecules expand until they are spread out through out the space they are given while liquids take the shape of their container.

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Why is it not possible to directly count the number of particles in a mole?
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Answer: because a mole is based on Avogrado's number,  which is 6.02 x 10²³ particles. It isn't possible to directly count that many particles at a time.

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When backpacking in the wilderness, hikers often boil water to sterilize it for drinking. Suppose that you are planning a backpa
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Answer:

2.104 L fuel

Explanation:

Given that:

Volume of water = 35 L = 35 × 10³ mL

initial temperature of water = 25.0 ° C

The amount of heat needed to boil water at this temperature can be calculated by using the formula:

q_{boiling} = mc \Delta T

where

specific heat   of water c= 4.18 J/g° C

q_{boiling} = 35 \times 10^{3} \times \dfrac{1.00 \ g}{1 \ mL} \times 4.18  \ J/g^0 C \times (100 - 25)^0 C

q_{boiling} = 10.9725 \times 10^6 \ J

Also; Assume that the fuel has an average formula of C7 H16 and 15% of the heat generated from combustion goes to heat the water;

thus the heat of combustion can be determined via the expression

q_{combustion} =-  \dfrac{q_{boiling}}{0.15}

q_{combustion} =-  \dfrac{10.9725 \times 10^6 J}{0.15}

q_{combustion} = -7.315 \times 10^{7} \ J

q_{combustion} = -7.315 \times 10^{4} \ kJ

For heptane; the equation for its combustion reaction can be written as:

C_7H_{16} + 11O_{2(g)} -----> 7CO_{2(g)}+ 8H_2O_{(g)}

The standard enthalpies of the  products and the reactants are:

\Delta H _f   \ CO_{2(g)} = -393.5 kJ/mol

\Delta H _f   \ H_2O_{(g)} = -242 kJ/mol

\Delta H _f   \ C_7H_{16 }_{(g)} = -224.4 kJ/mol

\Delta H _f   \ O_{2{(g)}} = 0 kJ/mol

Therefore; the standard enthalpy for this combustion reaction is:

\Delta H ^0= \sum n_p\Delta H^0_{f(products)}- \sum n_r\Delta H^0_{f(reactants)}

\Delta H^0 =( 7  \ mol ( -393.5 \ kJ/mol)  + 8 \ mol (-242 \ kJ/mol) -1 \ mol( -224.4 \ kJ/mol) - 11  \ mol  (0 \ kJ/mol))

\Delta H^0 = (-2754.5 \ \  kJ -  1936 \ \  kJ+224.4 \  \ kJ+0 \ \  kJ)

\Delta H^0 = -4466.1 \ kJ

This simply implies that the amount of heat released from 1 mol of C7H16 = 4466.1 kJ

However the number of moles of fuel required to burn 7.315 \times 10^{4} \ kJ heat released is:

n_{fuel} = \dfrac{q}{\Delta \ H^0}

n_{fuel} = \dfrac{-7.315 \times 10^{4} \ kJ}{-4466.1  \ kJ}

n_{fuel} = 16.38  \ mol \ of \ C_7 H_{16

Since number of moles = mass/molar mass

The  mass of the fuel is:

m_{fuel } = 16.38 mol \times 100.198 \ g/mol}

m_{fuel } = 1.641 \times 10^{3} \ g

Given that the density of the fuel is = 0.78 g/mL

and we know that :

density = mass/volume

therefore making volume the subject of the formula in order to determine the volume of the fuel ; we have

volume of the fuel = mass of the fuel / density of the fuel

volume of the fuel = \dfrac{1.641 \times 10^3 \ g }{0.78  g/mL} \times \dfrac{L}{10^3 \ mL}

volume of the fuel  = 2.104 L fuel

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