The giant axon of a squid, shows that hyperpolarizing stimulus is followed by transient inward capacitive current and lasting outward capacitive current.
Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization. It inhibits action potentials by increasing the stimulus required to move the membrane potential to the action potential threshold.
Hyperpolarization can be caused, for instance, by opening channels that allow positive ions to move out of the cell (or negative ions to move in).
The hyperpolarization-activated current is an inward current activated by hyperpolarization from the resting potential and is an important modulator of action potential firing frequency in many excitable cells.
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Answer:
The correct answer is - reciprocators.
Explanation:
Most people are normally reciprocators who only cooperates only when they see others doing cooperating. People generally cooperates only if other people do the same or help in in favor of the same thing.
Lucia behavior is the opposite of the reciprocators as Lucia cooperates with others irrespective behavior of the people.
Thus, the correct answer is - reciprocators.
Birds like to lay fossils. Salamanders have tails btw.
Hope this helped!
ANSWER FOR QUESTION 1:
The most common type of E. coli infection that causes illness in people is called E. coli O157, which produces a toxin known as Shiga-toxin. Shiga-toxin producing E. coli is abbreviated as STEC. Symptoms of infection with this germ include watery or bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting.
ANSWER FOR QUESTION 2:
Some other germs don’t cause as many illnesses, but when they do, the illnesses are more likely to lead to hospitalization. Those germs include: Anyone can get sick from eating contaminated food. Follow four simple food safety steps —clean, separate, cook, and chill—to lower your chance of food poisoning and to protect yourself and your loved ones.
Answer:
Treatment of industrial effluents through the extraction of pollutants before discharge to the rivers
Explanation:
Water contamination is the addition of undesirable materials into rivers, lakes and other bodies of water. Polluted water is unclean and unsafe to use therefore policies are designed to reduce water contamination that possesses risk to human health.
