Ethical<span> concerns </span>affect scientific research<span> when </span>scientists<span> or groups of </span>scientists<span> let their personal bias or political persuasions </span>affect<span> the </span>research<span> being conducted. </span>Scientific ethics<span> involve doing experimentation and analysis of data without bias no matter what the conclusions point to.</span>
Atomic Number of Lithium is 3, so it has 3 electrons in its neutral state. Also, Li₂ will have 6 electrons. But the chemical formula we are given has a negative charge on it (i.e Li₂⁻) so there is an additional electron (RED) present on this compound. So, the total number of electrons are 7. The
MOT diagram for this compound is shown below. According to diagram we are having 4 electrons in Bonding Molecular Orbitals (
BMO) and 3 electrons in Anti-Bonding Molecular Orbitals (
ABMO). Bond Order is calculated as,
Bond Order = (# of e⁻s in BMO - # of e⁻s in ABMO) ÷ 2
Bond Order = (4 - 3) ÷ 2
Bond Order = 1 ÷ 2
Or,
Bond Order = 1/2Or,
Bond Order = 0.5
109.5
tetrahedral shape:
number of electron pair = 4,
number of bonded pair = 4,
number of lone pair = 0.