To determine the mass of CO₂, the following must be known :
- the molar mass of CaCO₃
- the mole ratio of CaCO₃ to CO₂
- the molar mass of CO₂
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Reaction
Decomposition of CaCO₃
CaCO₃ ⇒ CaO + CO₂
Given the mass of CaCO₃, so to determine the mass of CO₂ :
1. Find the mol of CaCO₃ from the molar mass of CaCO₃
2. Find the mole ratio of CaCO₃ : CO₂(from equation = 1 : 1)
3. Find the mass of CO₂ from the molar mass of CO₂
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Constant Volume Calorimetry, also know as bomb calorimetry, is used to measure the heat of a reaction while holding volume constant and resisting large amounts of pressure. Although these two aspects of bomb calorimetry make for accurate results, they also contribute to the difficulty of bomb calorimetry. In this module, the basic assembly of a bomb calorimeter will be addressed, as well as how bomb calorimetry relates to the heat of reaction and heat capacity and the calculations involved in regards to these two topics.
Introduction
Calorimetry is used to measure quantities of heat, and can be used to determine the heat of a reaction through experiments. Usually a coffee-cup calorimeter is used since it is simpler than a bomb calorimeter, but to measure the heat evolved in a combustion reaction, constant volume or bomb calorimetry is ideal. A constant volume calorimeter is also more accurate than a coffee-cup calorimeter, but it is more difficult to use since it requires a well-built reaction container that is able to withstand large amounts of pressure changes that happen in many chemical reactions.
Most serious calorimetry carried out in research laboratories involves the determination of heats of combustion ΔHcombustion" role="presentation" style="display: inline-table; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 14.4px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">ΔHcombustionΔHcombustion, since these are essential to the determination of standard enthalpies of formation of the thousands of new compounds that are prepared and characterized each month. In a constant volume calorimeter, the system is sealed or isolated from its surroundings, and this accounts for why its volume is fixed and there is no volume-pressure work done. A bomb calorimeter structure consists of the following:
Steel bomb which contains the reactantsWater bath in which the bomb is submergedThermometerA motorized stirrerWire for ignition
is usually called a “bomb”, and the technique is known as bomb calorimetry
Another consequence of the constant-volume condition is that the heat released corresponds to qv , and thus to the internal energy change ΔUrather than to ΔH. The enthalpy change is calculated according to the formula
(1.1)ΔH=qv+ΔngRT" role="presentation" style="display: inline-table; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 14.4px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; width: 10000em !important; position: relative;">ΔH=qv+ΔngRT(1.1)(1.1)ΔH=qv+ΔngRT
Δng" role="presentation" style="display: inline-table; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 14.4px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">ΔngΔng is the change in the number of moles of gases in the reaction.
Answer:
HF(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaF(aq)+H2O(l)
Explanation:
Complete question
Dissolved hydrofluoric acid reacts with dissolved sodium hydroxide to form water and aqueous sodium fluoride. What is the net ionic equation
Equilibrium equation between the undissociated acid and the dissociated ions
HF(aq)⇌H+(aq)+F−(aq)
Sodium hydroxide will dissociate aqueous solution to produce sodium cations, Na+, and hydroxide anions, OH−
NaOH(aq)→Na+(aq)+OH−(aq)
Hydroxide anions and the hydrogen cations will neutralize each other to produce water.
H+(aq)+OH−(aq)→H2O(l)
On combining both the equation, we get –
HF(aq)+Na+(aq)+OH−(aq)→Na+(aq)+F−(aq)+H2O(l)
The Final equation is
HF(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaF(aq)+H2O(l)
