Explanation:
Decentralization—the transfer of authority and responsibility for public functions from the central government to subordinate or quasi-independent government organizations and/or the private sector—is a complex multifaceted concept.
Answer:
a. 9947 m
b. 99476 times
c. 2*10^11 molecules
Explanation:
a) To find the mean free path of the air molecules you use the following formula:
![\lambda=\frac{RT}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^2N_AP}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Clambda%3D%5Cfrac%7BRT%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%5Cpi%20d%5E2N_AP%7D)
R: ideal gas constant = 8.3144 Pam^3/mol K
P: pressure = 1.5*10^{-6} Pa
T: temperature = 300K
N_A: Avogadros' constant = 2.022*10^{23}molecules/mol
d: diameter of the particle = 0.25nm=0.25*10^-9m
By replacing all these values you obtain:
![\lambda=\frac{(8.3144 Pa m^3/mol K)(300K)}{\sqrt{2}\pi (0.25*10^{-9}m)^2(6.02*10^{23})(1.5*10^{-6}Pa)}=9947.62m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Clambda%3D%5Cfrac%7B%288.3144%20Pa%20m%5E3%2Fmol%20K%29%28300K%29%7D%7B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%5Cpi%20%280.25%2A10%5E%7B-9%7Dm%29%5E2%286.02%2A10%5E%7B23%7D%29%281.5%2A10%5E%7B-6%7DPa%29%7D%3D9947.62m)
b) If we assume that the molecule, at the average, is at the center of the chamber, the times the molecule will collide is:
![n_{collision}=\frac{9947.62m}{0.05m}\approx198952\ times](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=n_%7Bcollision%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B9947.62m%7D%7B0.05m%7D%5Capprox198952%5C%20%20times)
c) By using the equation of the ideal gases you obtain:
![PV=NRT\\\\N=\frac{PV}{RT}=\frac{(1.5*10^{-6}Pa)(\frac{4}{3}\pi(0.05m)^3)}{(8.3144Pa\ m^3/mol\ K)(300K)}=3.14*10^{-13}mol\\\\n=(3.14*10^{-13})(6.02*10^{23})\ molecules\approx2*10^{11}\ molecules](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=PV%3DNRT%5C%5C%5C%5CN%3D%5Cfrac%7BPV%7D%7BRT%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%281.5%2A10%5E%7B-6%7DPa%29%28%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B3%7D%5Cpi%280.05m%29%5E3%29%7D%7B%288.3144Pa%5C%20m%5E3%2Fmol%5C%20K%29%28300K%29%7D%3D3.14%2A10%5E%7B-13%7Dmol%5C%5C%5C%5Cn%3D%283.14%2A10%5E%7B-13%7D%29%286.02%2A10%5E%7B23%7D%29%5C%20molecules%5Capprox2%2A10%5E%7B11%7D%5C%20molecules)
Answer:
![Availability=\dfrac{Up\ time}{Down\ time+Up\ time}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Availability%3D%5Cdfrac%7BUp%5C%20time%7D%7BDown%5C%20time%2BUp%5C%20time%7D)
Explanation:
Availability:
It define as the probability of system which perform desired task before showing any failure .
The availability can be define as follows
![Availability=\dfrac{Up\ time}{Down\ time+Up\ time}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Availability%3D%5Cdfrac%7BUp%5C%20time%7D%7BDown%5C%20time%2BUp%5C%20time%7D)
Or we can say that
![Availability=\dfrac{Up\ time}{total\ time}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Availability%3D%5Cdfrac%7BUp%5C%20time%7D%7Btotal%5C%20time%7D)
Availability can also be express as
![Availability=\dfrac{MTBF}{MTBF+MTTR}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Availability%3D%5Cdfrac%7BMTBF%7D%7BMTBF%2BMTTR%7D)
Where MTBF is the mean time between two failure.
MTTR is the mean time to repair.
Answer:
A selective medium, a differential medium, and a complex medium.
Explanation:
A selective media is a microbiological media which only support the growth of a particular specie or types of species of microorganisms,this media acts in such a way to inhibit or hinder the growth of other microorganisms.
Differential media are media that acts to Identifying particular strains of microorganisms of similar species.
Complex media are media used for the growth of microorganisms this which contains complex or a wide range of nutrients with chemical composition which may be difficult to determine.