Aldehydes and ketones react reversibly with two equivalents of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give acetals. Alco
hols are poor nucleophiles, and so protonation of the carbonyl oxygen is used to make the carbonyl carbon a stronger electrophile. Addition of the first equivalent of alcohol gives a hemiacetal, a hydroxyether. Addition of the second equivalent of alcohol is accompanied by loss of water to yield the product acetal. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.
1 answer:
Answer:
Aldehyde and ketone both react with alcohols (2 equivalent) in the presence of acid catalyst to give acetals.
Explanation:
Alcohols are poor nucleophiles and so protonation of the carbonyl oxygen used to make the carbonyl carbon a stronger electrophile. Addition of the first equivalent of alcohols gives a hemiacetal,
Addition of the second equivalent of alcohol is accompanied by loss of one molecule water to yield the produce acetal.
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Answer:
0.88 g
Explanation:
Using ideal gas equation to calculate the moles of chlorine gas produced as:-
where,
P = pressure of the gas = 805 Torr
V = Volume of the gas = 235 mL = 0.235 L
T = Temperature of the gas =
R = Gas constant =
n = number of moles of chlorine gas = ?
Putting values in above equation, we get:
According to the reaction:-
1 mole of chlorine gas is produced when 1 mole of manganese dioxide undergoes reaction.
So,
0.01017 mole of chlorine gas is produced when 0.01017 mole of manganese dioxide undergoes reaction.
Moles of = 0.01017 moles
Molar mass of = 86.93685 g/mol
So,
Applying values, we get that:-
<u>0.88 g of should be added to excess HCl (aq) to obtain 235 mL of
at 25 degrees C and 805 Torr.</u>