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Alisiya [41]
3 years ago
8

Aldehydes and ketones react reversibly with two equivalents of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give acetals. Alco

hols are poor nucleophiles, and so protonation of the carbonyl oxygen is used to make the carbonyl carbon a stronger electrophile. Addition of the first equivalent of alcohol gives a hemiacetal, a hydroxyether. Addition of the second equivalent of alcohol is accompanied by loss of water to yield the product acetal. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.

Chemistry
1 answer:
kozerog [31]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Aldehyde and ketone both react with alcohols (2 equivalent) in the presence of acid catalyst to give acetals.

Explanation:

Alcohols are poor nucleophiles and so protonation of the carbonyl oxygen used to make the carbonyl carbon a stronger electrophile. Addition of the first equivalent of alcohols gives a hemiacetal,

Addition of the second equivalent of alcohol is accompanied by loss of one molecule water to yield the produce acetal.

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5 0
3 years ago
It has been suggested that hydrogen gas obtained by the decomposition of water might be a substitute for natural gas (principall
Aleks [24]

Answer:

Hydrogen: -141 kJ/g

Methane: -55kJ/g

The energy released per gram of hydrogen in its combustion is higher than the energy released per gram of methane in its combustion.

Explanation:

According to the law of conservation of the energy, the sum of the heat released by the combustion and the heat absorbed by the bomb calorimeter is zero.

Qc + Qb = 0

Qc = -Qb  [1]

We can calculate the heat absorbed by the bomb calorimeter using the following expression.

Q = C . ΔT

where,

C is the heat capacity

ΔT is the change in the temperature

<h3>Hydrogen</h3>

Qc = -Qb = -C . ΔT = -(11.3 kJ/°C) . (14.3°C) = -162 kJ

The heat released per gram of hydrogen is:

\frac{-162kJ}{1.15g} =-141 kJ/g

<h3>Methane</h3>

Qc = -Qb = -C . ΔT = -(11.3 kJ/°C) . (7.3°C) = -82 kJ

The heat released per gram of methane is:

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3 0
3 years ago
An ionic bond involves the.....
Svetllana [295]
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds
5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Write the balanced nuclear equation for β− decay of silicon−32. Include both the mass numbers and the atomic numbers with each n
weqwewe [10]

Answer:

^{32}_{14}Si\rightarrow ^{32}_{15}P+e^-+\bar{v}_e

Explanation:

Beta decay conserves the lepton number. In \beta^- decay, the atomic number of the element increases which is accompanied by the release of  an electron antineutrino, e^-+\bar{v}_e.

For example:-

^A_ZX\rightarrow ^A_{Z+1}X+e^-+\bar{v}_e

The \beta^- decay of silicon-32 is shown below as:-

^{32}_{14}Si\rightarrow ^{32}_{15}P+e^-+\bar{v}_e

8 0
3 years ago
Having been heated to 800 K , at some point the tank starts to leak. By the time the leak is repaired, the tank contains only ha
Liula [17]

Answer: The temperature of the gas reduced to 400K.

Explanation:

Stated that ; The pressure remains the same, that is initial and final pressure equals 1atm.

Applying Charles Law

V1/T1 = V2/T2

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Initial temperature T1 =800K

Final temperature T2 = ?

(1/800) = (1/2)/T2

T2 = 800/2

T= 400K

Therefore, when the volume is halved, the temperature reduced also to half ( 400K)

3 0
3 years ago
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