Answer:
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. These are properties such as mass, weight, volume, and density.
Answer:
So, you're dealing with a sample of cobalt-60. You know that cobalt-60 has a nuclear half-life of
5.30
years, and are interested in finding how many grams of the sample would remain after
1.00
year and
10.0
years, respectively.
A radioactive isotope's half-life tells you how much time is needed for an initial sample to be halved.
If you start with an initial sample
A
0
, then you can say that you will be left with
A
0
2
→
after one half-life passes;
A
0
2
⋅
1
2
=
A
0
4
→
after two half-lives pass;
A
0
4
⋅
1
2
=
A
0
8
→
after three half-lives pass;
A
0
8
⋅
1
2
=
A
0
16
→
after four half-lives pass;
⋮
Explanation:
now i know the answer
Well you should study how different chemicals work, and make flashcards to carry around or make notes during class to study for later
Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
Ionization energy refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Metals have lower ionization energy than non metals since ionization energy increases across a period.
One thing that we must have in mind is that it takes much more energy to remove an electron from an inner filled shell than it takes to remove an electron from an outermost incompletely filled shell.
Now let us consider the case of magnesium which has two outermost electrons. Between IE2 and IE3 we have now moved to an inner filled shell(IE3 refers to removal of electrons from the inner second shell) and a lot of energy is required to remove an electron from this inner filled shell, hence the jump.
For aluminium having three outermost electrons, there is a jump between IE3 and IE4 because IE4 deals with electron removal from a second inner filled shell and a lot of energy is involved in the process hence the jump.
Hence a jump occurs each time electrons are removed from an inner filled shell.
