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Snowcat [4.5K]
2 years ago
9

Which of the following has the correct change in enthalpy and reaction description for the following reaction? NH3(g) + HCl(g) N

H4Cl(s) Given: NH3: ∆H= -46.2 kJ HCl: ∆H= -92.3 kJ NH4Cl: ∆H= -314.43 kJ
Chemistry
2 answers:
Molodets [167]2 years ago
4 0
 <span>2HCl -----> H2 + Cl2 dH = +184.6kJ/mol (equation 1 reversed) 
2NH3 ------> 3H2 + N2 dH = +92.20kJ/mol ( equation 2 unchanged) 
N2 + 4H2 + Cl2 ------> 2NH4Cl dH = - 628.8kJ/mol (equation 3 doubled) 
--------------------------------------... 
Adding up: 2HCl + 2NH3 -----> 2NHCl4 dH = -352kJ/mol 
Hence HCl + NH3 --------> NH4Cl dH = -352/2 = - 176kJ/mol.</span>
Usimov [2.4K]2 years ago
4 0
To find the change in enthalpy (ΔH), all you have to do is use the following formula:

ΔH reaction= [ΔH of products] - [ΔH of reactants]

remember that the products are the ones in the right side of the reaction, and reactants are in the left side. 

ΔH reaction= [ΔH NH4Cl] - [ΔH NH3 + ΔH HCl]

ΔH reaction= [-314.43] - [ -46.2 + -92.3]= -175.93 kJ
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Which of the following pairs lists a substance that can neutralize H2SO4 and the salt that would be produced from the reaction?
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The second option only.

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<h3>Explanation</h3>

A base neutralizes an acid when the two reacts to produce water and a salt.

Sulfuric acid H₂SO₄ is the acid here. There are more than one classes of bases that can neutralize H₂SO₄. Among the options, there are:

Metal hydroxides

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  • LiOH.

Metal hydroxides react with sulfuric acid to produce water and the sulfate salt of the metal.

\text{Ca}(\text{OH})_{\bf 2}+\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \to \textbf{Ca}\textbf{SO}_{\bf 4} +{\bf 2}\;\text{H}_2\text{O}.

The formula for calcium sulfate \text{CaSO}_4 in option A is spelled incorrectly. Why? The charge on each calcium \text{Ca}^{2+} is +2. The charge on each sulfate ion {\text{SO}_4}^{2-} is -2. Unlike \text{Li}^{+} ions, it takes only one \text{Ca}^{2+} ion to balance the charge on each {\text{SO}_4}^{2-} ion. As a result, \text{Ca}^{2+} and {\text{SO}_4}^{2-} ions in calcium sulfate exist on a 1:1 ratio.

2\;\text{LiOH} +\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \to \text{Li}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\;\text{H}_2\text{O}.

Ammonia, NH₃

Ammonia NH₃ can also act as a base and neutralize acids. NH₃ exists as NH₄OH in water:

\text{NH}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \to \textbf{NH}_{\bf 4}\text{OH}.

The ion {\text{NH}_4}^{+} acts like a metal cation. Similarly to the metal hydroxides, NH₃ (or NH₄OH) neutralizes H₂SO₄ to produce water and a salt:

2\;\textbf{NH}_{\bf 4}\text{OH}+ \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \to (\textbf{NH}_{\bf 4})_2\text{SO}_4+2\;\text{H}_2\text{O}.

The formula of the salt (NH₄)₂SO₄ in the fourth option spelled the ammonium ion incorrectly.

As part of the salt (NH₄)₂SO₄, the ammonium ion NH₄⁺ is one of the products of this reaction and can't neutralize H₂SO₄ any further.

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