The standard gibbs free energy of formation of ___ is zero: 1. h2o(l) 2. na(s) 3. h2 (g)

Which are the hybrid orbitals of the carbon atoms in the following molecules? (a) H3C―CH3 sp sp2 sp3 (b) H3C―CH═CH2 sp sp2 sp3 (

kherson [118]

Answer:

(a) sp³ sp³

H₃C - CH₃

(b) sp³ sp²

H₃C - CH = CH₂

sp²

(c) sp³ sp

H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH

sp sp³

(d) sp³ sp²

H₃C - CH=O

Explanation:

Alkanes or the carbons with all the single bonds are sp³ hybridized.

Alkenes or the carbons with double bond(s) are sp² hybridized.

Alkynes or the carbons with triple bond are sp hybridized.

Considering:

(a) H₃C-CH₃ , Both the carbons are bonded by single bond so both the carbons are sp³ hybridized.

Hence,

sp³ sp³

H₃C - CH₃

(b) H₃C-CH=CH₂ , The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp² hybridized because they are bonded by double bond.

Hence,

sp³ sp²

H₃C - CH = CH₂

sp²

(c) H₃C-C≡C-CH₂OH , The carbons of the methyl group and alcoholic group are sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp hybridized because they are bonded by triple bond.

Hence,

sp³ sp

H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH

sp sp³

(d)CH₃CH=O, The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The other carbon is sp² hybridized because it is bonded by double bond to oxygen.

Hence,

sp³ sp²

H₃C - CH=O

8 0

3 years ago

What type of substances make better conductors

baherus [9]

I'm pretty sure its metals that make good conductors.

5 0

3 years ago

Which Group is in the second column of the periodic table?

Misha Larkins [42]

Answer:

Hey there!

That would be the alkaline earth metals.

Hope this helps :)

3 0

3 years ago

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What is absolute dating?

KiRa [710]

Absolute dating is finding the exact date of an artifact such as a fossil using a technique such as radioactive dating, etc.

4 0

4 years ago

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How will the vapor pressure of a solution compare to the pure solvent?

n200080 [17]

Answer: vapor pressure of solution will be less than that of the pure solvent

Explanation:

Vapor pressure of a liquid is defined as the pressure exerted by the vapors in equilibrium with the liquid/solution at a particular temperature.

So, when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent then its molecules align at the surface of liquid. As a result, less number of solvent molecules will escape from the solution. Thus, there will be decrease in vapors and thus the vapor pressure decrease.

As the relative lowering of vapor pressure is directly proportional to the amount of dissolved solute.

The formula for relative lowering of vapor pressure will be,

$\frac{p^o-p_s}{p^o}=\frac{w_2M_1}{w_1M_2}$