A. draw the structure of the tetrahedral intermediate initially formed in the reaction shown. you do not have to consider stereo
chemistry. do not include counter-ions,
e.g., na+, i-, in your answer. in cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. move clear erase undo redo increase scale decrease scale copy paste set label more labels attributes more attributes single bond recessed bond protruding bond double bond other bond more bonds cyclohexane ring benzene ring other ring more rings bracket
b. draw the structures of the final acyl transfer products obtained.
e.g., na+, i-, in your answer. in cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. move clear erase undo redo increase scale decrease scale copy paste set label more labels attributes more attributes single bond recessed bond protruding bond double bond other bond more bonds cyclohexane ring benzene ring other ring more rings bracket
b. draw the structures of the final acyl transfer products obtained.
1 answer:
The reaction is shown below, Acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen and makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. Water attacks on activated carbonyl group and forms a tetrahedral intermediate.
Intermediate:
Structure of Intermediate is shown both in 2-D and 3-D (below attached).
Carbonyl group is regenerated with the elimination of ethanol.
Reaction is as below, The final product is carboxylic acid.
Intermediate:
Structure of Intermediate is shown both in 2-D and 3-D (below attached).
Carbonyl group is regenerated with the elimination of ethanol.
Reaction is as below, The final product is carboxylic acid.
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Answer:
D.
Explanation:
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In this case, for the given set of chemical reactions, it is possible to infer that D. is a categorized as redox due to the following:
Since both chlorine and bromine remain as diatomic gases, their oxidation states in such a form is 0, but as anions with lithium cations they have a charge of - according to the following reaction and half-reactions:
Unlike the other reactions whereas no change in the oxidation states is evidenced.
Answer:
First ionization of lithium:
.
Second ionization of lithium:
.
Explanation:
The ionization energy of an element is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or ion of the element in gaseous state. (Refer to your textbook for a more precise definition.) Some features of the equation:
- Start with a gaseous atom (for the first ionization energy only) or a gaseous ion. Write the gaseous state symbol
next to any atom or ion in the equation.
- The product shall contain one gaseous ion and one electron. The charge on the ion shall be the same as the order of the ionization energy. For the second ionization energy, the ion shall carry a charge of +2.
- Charge shall balance on the two sides of the equation.
First Ionization Energy of Li:
- The products shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +1
as well as an electron
.
- Charge shall balance on the two sides. There's no net charge on the product side. Neither shall there be a charge on the reactant side. The only reactant shall be a lithium atom which is both gaseous and neutral:
.
- Hence the equation:
.
Second Ionization Energy of Li:
- The product shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +2:
as well as an electron
- Charge shall balance on the two sides. What's the net charge on the product side? That shall also be the charge on the reactant side. What will be the reactant?
- The equation for this process is
.