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To calculate how many photons are in a certain amount of energy (joules) we need to know how much energy is in one photon.
Start by using two equations:
Energy of a photon = Frequency * Planck's constant (6.626 * 10^(-34) J-s)
Speed of light (constant 3 * 10^8 m/s) = Frequency * Wavelength
Which means:
frequency = Speed of Light / Wavelength
So energy of a photon = (Speed of light * Planck's constant)/(Wavelength)
You may have seen this equation as E = hc/<span>λ</span>
We have a wavelength of 691 nm or 691 * 10^-9 meters
So we can plug in all of our knowns:
E = (6.626 * 10^(-34) J-s) * (3.00 * 10^8 m/s) / (691 * 10^-9 m) =
2.88 * 10^(-19) joules per photon
Now we have joules per photon, and the total number of joules (0.862 joules)
,so divide joules by joules per photon, and we have the number of photons:
0.862 J/ (2.88 * 10^(-19) J/photon) = 3.00 * 10^18 photons.
Explanation:
Reversible reactions that happen in a closed system eventually reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products do not change. But the forward and reverse reactions have not stopped - they are still going on, and at the same rate as each other.
Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
Mathematically, this means to combine like terms, such as terms with the same variable. In chemistry, this can refer to polar objects combining with polar objects while nonpolar objects combine with nonpolar objects.
Answer:
B. Na+ and O2-
Explanation:
Na+ plus has 10 electrons and O2- also has 10 electrons
