Answer:
Electron configuration: [He] 2s²2p⁴
Explanation:
Answer:
Basically, paramagnetic and diamagnetic refer to the way a chemical species interacts with a magnetic field. More specifically, it refers to whether or not a chemical species has any unpaired electrons or not.
A diamagnetic species has no unpaired electrons, while a paramagnetic species has one or more unpaired electrons.
Now, I won't go into too much detail about crystal field theory in general, since I assume that you're familiar with it.
So, you're dealing with the hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion, [CoF6]3â’, and the hexacyanocobaltate(III) ion, [Co(CN)6]3â’.
You know that [CoF6]3â’ is paramagnetic and that [Co(CN)6]3â’ is diamagnetic, which means that you're going to have to determine why the former ion has unpaired electrons and the latter does not.
Both complex ions contain the cobalt(III) cation, Co3+, which has the following electron configuration
Co3+:1s22s22p63s23p63d6
For an isolated cobalt(III) cation, all these five 3d-orbitals are degenerate. The thing to remember now is that the position of the ligand on the spectrochemical series will determine how these d-orbtals will split.
More specifically, you can say that
a strong field ligand will produce a more significant splitting energy, Δ a weak field ligand will produce a less significant splitting energy, Δ
Now, the spectrochemical series looks like this
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Notice that the cyanide ion, CNâ’, is higher on the spectrochemical series than the fluoride ion, Fâ’. This means that the cyanide ion ligands will cause a more significant energy gap between the eg and t2g orbitals when compared with the fluoride ion ligands.
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In the case of the hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion, the splitting energy is smaller than the electron pairing energy, and so it is energetically favorable to promote two electrons from the t2g orbitals to the eg orbitals → a high spin complex will be formed.
This will ensure that the hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion will have unpaired electrons, and thus be paramagnetic.
On the other hand, in the case of the hexacyanocobaltate(III) ion, the splitting energy is higher than the electron pairing energy, and so it is energetically favorable to pair up those four electrons in the t2g orbitals → a low spin complex is formed.
Since it has no unpaired electrons, the hexacyanocobaltate(III) ion will be diamagnetic.
Answer:
The correct statements that you must check are:
- The oxygen atom has a greater attraction for electrons than the hydrogen atom does (second statement).
- The electrons of the covalent bond are not shared equally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms (fourth statement).
Explanation:
Electronegativity is the relative ability of an atom to pull the electrons in a covalent bond.
Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.20 and oxygen has 3.44. That means that oxygen attracts the electrons more strongly than hydrogen does (second statement).
As consequence, the electrons in the covalent bond H - O of water are not shared equally (fourth statement): the electron density will be higher around the O atoms.
Of course, this discards the statement telling that hydrogen atom attracts electrons much more strongly than the oxygen atom, and the statement telling that hydrogen and oxigen have same electronegativity.
Such difference in electron densities creates a dipole moment, so you discard the last statement (that the water dipole moment is equal to zero).
Answer:
–500KJ
Explanation:
Data obtained from the question include the following:
Heat of reactant (Hr) = 800KJ
Heat of product (Hp) = 300KJ
Enthalphy change (ΔH) =..?
The enthalphy change is simply defined as the difference between the heat of product and the heat of reactant i.e
Enthalphy change = Heat of product – Heat of reactant
ΔH = Hp – Hr
With the above formula, we can easily calculate the enthalphy change as follow
ΔH = Hp – Hr
ΔH = 300 – 800
ΔH = –500KJ.
Therefore, the overall energy change for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen shown in the diagram above is –500KJ
Answer:
Number of moles of iron are 4 mol.
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of iron = 223.4 g
Number of moles = ?
Solution:
Molar mass of iron = 55.85 g/mol
Formula:
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Number of moles = 223.4 g/ 55.85 g/mol
Number of moles = 4 mol
