Answer:
a) Percentage by mass of carbon: 18.3%
Percentage by mass of hydrogen: 0.77%
b) Percentage by mass of chlorine: 80.37%
c) Molecular formula: 
Explanation:
Firstly, the mass of carbon must be determined by using a conversion factor:
The same process is used to calculate the amount of hydrogen:
The percentage by mass of carbon and hydrogen are calculated as follows:
%C
= 18.3%
%H
=0.77%
From the precipation data it is possible obtain the amount of chlorine present in the compound:
= 0.43g AgCl
Let's calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine:
%Cl=
= 80.37%
Assuming that we have 100g of the compound, it is possible to determine the number of moles of each element in the compound:
Dividing each of the quantities above by the smallest (0.77mol), the subscripts in a tentative formula would be
≈ 2
≈3
The empirical formula for the compound is:
The mass of this empirical formula is:
mass of C + mass of H + mass of Cl= 24g +1+ 106.35 =131.35g
This mass matches with the molar mass, which means that the supscript in the molecular formula are the same of the empirical one.
Answer: Positive effects: mass production of fertilizers, alkaline cleansers, refrigerant gas, dyes, explosives
Negative effects: heath problems, negative effects on soil organisms and soil organic matter, imbalances to the nitrogen cycle, high fossil fuel energy inputs, production of deadly weapons
Explanation:
The Haber process (also called Haber Bosch process) is used to produce ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen under the high pressure. Basically, it's an artificial nitrogen fixation process. This method has both positive and negative effects on modern society.
Positive sides: ammonia is mainly used for mass production of fertilizer, which allows more food for everyone. It can be used for production of alkaline cleansers, refrigerant gas, dyes and explosives. Ammonia is also used in production of synthetic polymers, due to its role in the manufacturing of cyanide.
Negative sides: ammonia is a toxic gas, it can irritate eyes and lungs. Because of that, the excess nitrogen in soil and water coming from synthetic fertilizers can cause health problems. It is harmful for humans and animals, but it can also be harmful for plants. Environmental factors are also important. Because of the mass fixation, there is imbalance in the earth’s nitrogen cycle. Also, fossil fuels are used as a source of power for machinery in Haber's process, which increases emissions into the atmosphere. And, at least ammonia is a major component of weapons including great number of bombs.
