1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
suter [353]
3 years ago
9

Name three high temperature reactions

Chemistry
1 answer:
lions [1.4K]3 years ago
3 0

Explanation:

As you increase the temperature the rate of reaction increases. As a rough approximation, for many reactions happening at around room temperature, the rate of reaction doubles for every 10°C rise in temperature. You have to be careful not to take this too literally. It doesn't apply to all reactions. Even where it is approximately true, it may be that the rate doubles every 9°C or 11°C or whatever. The number of degrees needed to double the rate will also change gradually as the temperature increases.

Examples

Some reactions are virtually instantaneous - for example, a precipitation reaction involving the coming together of ions in solution to make an insoluble solid, or the reaction between hydrogen ions from an acid and hydroxide ions from an alkali in solution. So heating one of these won't make any noticeable difference to the rate of the reaction. Almost any other reaction you care to name will happen faster if you heat it - either in the lab, or in industry.

The explanation

Increasing the collision frequency

Particles can only react when they collide. If you heat a substance, the particles move faster and so collide more frequently. That will speed up the rate of reaction. That seems a fairly straightforward explanation until you look at the numbers! It turns out that the frequency of two-particle collisions in gases is proportional to the square root of the kelvin temperature. If you increase the temperature from 293 K to 303 K (20°C to 30°C), you will increase the collision frequency by a factor of:

(1)303293=1.017" role="presentation" style="display: inline-table; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 12px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: center; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; width: 10000em !important; position: relative;">303293=1.017(1)(1)303293=1.017

That's an increase of 1.7% for a 10° rise. The rate of reaction will probably have doubled for that increase in temperature - in other words, an increase of about 100%. The effect of increasing collision frequency on the rate of the reaction is very minor. The important effect is quite different . . .

The key importance of activation energy

Collisions only result in a reaction if the particles collide with enough energy to get the reaction started. This minimum energy required is called the activation energy for the reaction. You can mark the position of activation energy on a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to get a diagram like this:

Only those particles represented by the area to the right of the activation energy will react when they collide. The great majority don't have enough energy, and will simply bounce apart. To speed up the reaction, you need to increase the number of the very energetic particles - those with energies equal to or greater than the activation energy. Increasing the temperature has exactly that effect - it changes the shape of the graph. In the next diagram, the graph labeled T is at the original temperature. The graph labeled T+t is at a higher temperature.

If you now mark the position of the activation energy, you can see that although the curve hasn't moved very much overall, there has been such a large increase in the number of the very energetic particles that many more now collide with enough energy to react.

Remember that the area under a curve gives a count of the number of particles. On the last diagram, the area under the higher temperature curve to the right of the activation energy looks to have at least doubled - therefore at least doubling the rate of the reaction.

Summary

Increasing the temperature increases reaction rates because of the disproportionately large increase in the number of high energy collisions. It is only these collisions (possessing at least the activation energy for the reaction) which result in a reaction.

You might be interested in
What is true of enzymes? They only speed up reactions. They speed up or slow down any reaction in a living thing. They act as ca
muminat
They act as catalysts
7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Explain what it means by a balanced chemical equation
larisa86 [58]
It's balanced if the products and the reactants have exactly the same number of atoms
8 0
3 years ago
Which chemical element has the shortest name?
wariber [46]

Answer:

deez nuttts

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Consider the reaction 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2 .What is the percent yield of carbon dioxide
Wewaii [24]

Answer:

Y=50.9\%

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the reaction, we can directly compute the theoretically yielded grams of carbon dioxide, considering the 2:2 molar ratio between carbon monoxide (molar mass = 28 g/mol) and carbon dioxide (molar mass = 44 g/mol) and the initial reacting grams of carbon monoxide in excess oxygen:

m_{CO_2}^{theoretical}=10gCO*\frac{1molCO}{28gCO}*\frac{2molCO_2}{2molCO}*\frac{44gCO_2}{1molCO_2}   =15.7gCO_2

Thus, as only 8 g were actually yielded, we compute the percent yield:

Y=\frac{8g}{15.7g}*100\% \\\\Y=50.9\%

Best regards.

7 0
3 years ago
Consider the following balanced reaction. What mass (in g) of CO2 can be formed from 288 mg of H2CO3 → H2O CO2 A 14.01 g sample
WINSTONCH [101]

Answer:

0.198 g CO2 plz mark me brainliest

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Which is an example of a solution?
    11·2 answers
  • The embryo refers to an undeveloped animal or plant.<br><br><br> True or false
    9·2 answers
  • A confused student was doing an isomer problem and listed the following six names as different structural isomers of C7H16. a. 1
    14·2 answers
  • How many molecules are there in 79g of Fe2O3? how many atoms is thi
    8·1 answer
  • Name two air pollutants that bioaccumulate
    8·1 answer
  • What is the difference between naoh(s) and naoh(aq)?
    10·2 answers
  • Imagine that 27.0 g of C2H2(g) dissolves in 1.00 L of liquid acetone at 1.00 atm pressure. If the partial pressure of C2H2(g) is
    13·1 answer
  • Determine the ph of a 0.227 m c5h5n solution at 25°c. the kb of c5h5n is 1.7 × 10-9.
    14·2 answers
  • 2-- What is the [H3O+] in a solution with [OH-] = 1 x 10-12 M?<br>​
    9·1 answer
  • g How many moles of NaOH are present in a sample if it is titrated to its equivalence point with 44.02 mL of 0.0885 M H2SO4? 2Na
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!