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3 years ago

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It is possible to prepare ethanol by nucleophilic substitution. For an electrophile, you could choose EtCl, EtBr, or EtI; for a

nucleophile you could choose LiOH, NaOH, or KOH. Which combination of reactants/reagents would be most atom economical? Provide a qualitative explanation for your answer. HTML EditorKeyboard Shortcuts

1 answer:

tensa zangetsu [6.8K]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

The reactant/reagent that would be most atom economical is EtI (Ethy Iodide) and KOH (potassium oxide) as base

This is because the iodo group are weak base hence they have a good leaving character (i.e they are unstable on their own ) which would increase the rate of reaction and the strong base KOH give the most atom economical

Explanation:

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Which of the following solutions is more concentrated?<br> 0.50M KCl or 5.0% (w/v) KCl

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The unit cell for cr2o3 has hexagonal symmetry with lattice parameters a = 0.4961 nm and c = 1.360 nm. If the density of this ma

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To calculate the packing factor, first calculate the area and volume of unit cell.

Area is calculated as:

$A=6R^{2}\sqrt{3}$

Here, R is radius and is related to a as follows:

$R=\frac{a}{2}$

Putting the value in expression for area,

$A=6(\frac{a}{2})^{2}\sqrt{3}=1.5a^{2}\sqrt{3}$

The value of a is 0.4961 nm

Since, $1 nm=10^{-7}cm$

Thus, $0.4961 nm=4.961\times 10^{-8} cm$

Putting the value,

$Area=1.5(4.961\times 10^{-8}cm)^{2}\sqrt{3}=6.39\times 10^{-15}cm^{2}$

Now, volume can be calculated as follows:

$V=Area\times c$

The value of c is 1.360 nm or $1.360\times 10^{-7} cm$

Putting the value,

$V=(6.39\times 10^{-15}cm^{2})\times (1.360\times 10^{-7} cm)=8.7\times 10^{-22}cm^{3}$

now, number of atom in unit cell can be calculated by using the following formula:

$n=\frac{\rho N_{A}V_{c}}{A}$

Here, A is atomic mass of $Cr_{2}O_{3}$ is 151.99 g/mol.

Putting all the values,

$n=\frac{(5.22 g/cm^{3})(6.023\times 10^{23} mol^{-1})(8.7\times 10^{-22}cm^{3})}{(151.99 g/mol)}\approx 18$

Thus, there will be 18 $Cr_{2}O_{3}$ units in 1 unit cell.

Since, there are 2 Cr atoms and 3 oxygen atoms thus, units of chromium and oxygen will be 2×18=36 and 3×18=54 respectively.

The atomic radii of $Cr^{3+}$ and $O^{2-}$ is 62 pm and 140 pm respectively.

Converting them into cm:

$1 pm=10^{-10}cm$

Thus,

$r_{Cr^{3+}}=6.2\times 10^{-9}cm$

and,

$r_{O^{2-}}=1.4\times 10^{-8}cm$

Volume of sphere will be sum of volume of total number of cations and anions thus,

$V_{S}=V_{Cr^{3+}}+V_{O^{2-}}$

Since, volume of sphere is $V=\frac{4}{3}\pi r^{3}$ ,

$V_{S}=36\left ( \frac{4}{3}\pi (r_{Cr^{3+})^{3}} \right )+54\left ( \frac{4}{3}\pi (r_{O^{2-})^{3}} \right )$

Putting the values,

$V_{S}=36\left ( \frac{4}{3}(3.14) (6.2\times 10^{-9} cm)^{3}} \right )+54\left ( \frac{4}{3}(3.14) (1.4\times 10^{-8} cm)^{3}} \right )=6.6\times 10^{-22}\times 10^{-8}cm^{3}$

The atomic packing factor is ratio of volume of sphere and volume of crystal, thus,

$packing factor=\frac{V_{S}}{V_{C}}=\frac{6.6\times 10^{-22}cm^{3}}{8.7\times 10^{-22}cm^{3}}=0.758$

Thus, atomic packing factor is 0.758.

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A) a city would be bet

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How many moles of oxygen are required to produce 37.15 g CO2? 37.15 g CO2 = mol O2

NNADVOKAT [17]

Answer:

0.84 moles of oxygen are required.

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of CO₂ produced = 37.15 g

Number of moles of oxygen = ?

Solution:

Chemical equation:

C + O₂ → CO₂

Number of moles of CO₂:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 37.15 g/ 44 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.84 mol

Now we will compare the moles of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

CO₂ : O₂

1 : 1

0.84 : 0.84

0.84 moles of oxygen are required.

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