It is possible to prepare ethanol by nucleophilic substitution. For an electrophile, you could choose EtCl, EtBr, or EtI; for a
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Answer:
See the image 1
Explanation:
If you look carefully at the progress of the SN2 reaction, you will realize something very important about the outcome. The nucleophile, being an electron-rich species, must attack the electrophilic carbon from the back side relative to the location of the leaving group. Approach from the front side simply doesn't work: the leaving group - which is also an electron-rich group - blocks the way. (see image 2)
The result of this backside attack is that the stereochemical configuration at the central carbon inverts as the reaction proceeds. In a sense, the molecule is turned inside out. At the transition state, the electrophilic carbon and the three 'R' substituents all lie on the same plane. (see image 3)
What this means is that SN2 reactions whether enzyme catalyzed or not, are inherently stereoselective: when the substitution takes place at a stereocenter, we can confidently predict the stereochemical configuration of the product.
Answer:
W = -262 J.
Explanation:
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In this case, according to the given information, we can recall the definition of work in terms of constant pressure and variable volume as follows:
So we plug in the given pressure and volumes to obtain:
Now, we convert this number to J (Pa*m³) by using the shown below conversion factor:
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