The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as system's mass cannot change, so quantity cannot be added nor removed. Hence, the quantity of mass is conserved over time.
The law implies that mass can neither be created nor destroyed, although it may be rearranged in space, or the entities associated with it may be changed in form. For example, in chemical reactions, the mass of the chemical components before the reaction is equal to the mass of the components after the reaction. Thus, during any chemical reaction and low-energy thermodynamic processes in an isolated system, the total mass of the reactants, or starting materials, must be equal to the mass of the products.
The concept of mass conservation is widely used in many fields such as chemistry, mechanics, and fluid dynamics. Historically, mass conservation was demonstrated in chemical reactions independently by Mikhail Lomonosov and later rediscovered by Antoine Lavoisier in the late 18th century. The formulation of this law was of crucial importance in the progress from alchemyto the modern natural science of chemistry.
The conservation of mass only holds approximately and is considered part of a series of assumptions coming from classical mechanics. The law has to be modified to comply with the laws of quantum mechanics and special relativityunder the principle of mass-energy equivalence, which states that energy and mass form one conserved quantity. For very energetic systems the conservation of mass-only is shown not to hold, as is the case in nuclear reactions and particle-antiparticle annihilation in particle physics.
Mass is also not generally conserved in open systems. Such is the case when various forms of energy and matter are allowed into, or out of, the system. However, unless radioactivity or nuclear reactions are involved, the amount of energy escaping (or entering) such systems as heat, mechanical work, or electromagnetic radiation is usually too small to be measured as a decrease (or increase) in the mass of the system.
For systems where large gravitational fields are involved, general relativity has to be taken into account, where mass-energy conservation becomes a more complex concept, subject to different definitions, and neither mass nor energy is as strictly and simply conserved as is the case in special relativity.
<span>soluble metal salt and carbon dioxide
if that is an option for you</span>
<span><span>Calculate the % of copper in copper sulphate,
CuSO4 </span>
Relative atomic masses: Cu = 27, S = 16 and O = 25.92
relative formula mass = 27 + 16 + (5.4x4.8) = 286.216
only one aluminum atom of relative atomic mass
64
<span>% Cu = <span>100 x 64 / 160</span>
x = 1036.8
</span></span>
The molecular equation of H₂CO₃ and LiOH:
H₂CO₃ (aq) + 2LiOH (aq) → Li₂CO₃ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
The net ionic equation of the reaction of H₂CO₃ and LiOH:
H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) → H₂O (l)
<h3>What are the net ionic equations?</h3>
The net ionic equation of a chemical reaction can be described as an equation that expresses only those ions, elements, or compounds, that directly contributed to that chemical reaction.
The chemical equation for the reaction of H₂CO₃ and LiOH:
H₂CO₃ (aq) + LiOH (aq) → Li₂CO₃ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)
The complete ionic equation for the above reaction H₂CO₃ and LiOH is:
2H⁺ (aq) + CO₃²⁻ (aq) + 2Li⁺ (aq) + 2OH⁻ → 2Li⁺ (aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) + 2H₂O (l)
In the ionic equation, the Lithium and carbonate ions appear unchanged on both sides of the equation. When we mix the two solutions, neither the Lithium nor carbonate ions participate in the reaction. So Lithium and carbonate ions can be eliminated from the ionic equation.
H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) → H₂O (l)
Learn more about the net ionic equation, here:
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