This question is asking for a method for the determination of the freezing point in a solution that does not have a noticeable transition in the cooling curve, which is basically based on a linear fit method.
The first step, would be to understand that when the transition is well-defined as the one on the attached file, we can just identify the temperature by just reading the value on the graph, at the time the slope has a pronounced change. For instance, on the attached, the transition occurs after about 43 seconds and the freezing point will be about 4 °C.
However, when we cannot identify a pronounced change in the slope, it will be necessary to use a linear fit method (such as minimum squares) to figure out the equation for each segmented line having a significantly different slope and then equal them so that we can numerically solve for the intercept.
As an example, imagine two of the segmented lines have the following equations after applying the linear fit method:
First of all, we equal them to find the x-value, in this case the time at which the freezing point takes place:
Next, we plug it in in any of the trendlines to obtain the freezing point as the y-value:
This means the freezing point takes place after 7.72 second of cooling and is about 1.84 °C. Now you can replicate it for any not well-defined cooling curve.
Learn more:
Answer :
The time taken by the reaction is 19.2 seconds.
The order of reaction is, second order reaction.
Explanation :
The general formula to determine the unit of rate constant is:
Unit of rate constant Order of reaction
0
1
2
As the unit of rate constant is 
. So, the order of reaction is second order.
The expression used for second order kinetics is:
![kt=\frac{1}{[A_t]}-\frac{1}{[A_o]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=kt%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5BA_t%5D%7D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5BA_o%5D%7D)
where,
k = rate constant = 
t = time = ?
![[A_t]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA_t%5D)
= final concentration = 0.97 M
![[A_o]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA_o%5D)
= initial concentration = 2.48 M
Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get:
Therefore, the time taken by the reaction is 19.2 seconds.
The first word in the name of an ester is derived from the alcohol used in the esterification.
<h3>What is esterification?</h3>
Esterification is a chemical process where an organic acid with the formula is combined with an alcohol molecule having the chemical formula (ROH).
The process of esterification is known to produce an ester molecule and during this phenomenon is released water (H2O).
An example of an esterification reaction occurs when ethanoic acid (i.e., the active ingredient of vinegar) can react with C2H5OH (i.e., ethanol) in order to form the ethyl ethanoate molecule, which is a well-known ester molecule.
In conclusion, the first word in the name of an ester is derived from the Alcohol used in the esterification.
Learn more about esterification here:
brainly.com/question/14028062
#SPJ1
Answer: G Atom 1 and Atom 4.. hope this helps and good luck!
Answer:
1. There are so many ethical concerns about biotechnology, some Ethical issues that arise from the application of modern biotechnologies include:
Discrimination of individuals because of their health or health history as a result of knowing their genetic information, minimizing harms while maximizing benefits, Interference with nature, privacy.
2. a. Plants (maize, rice)
b. Fish (GloFish)
3. For individuals, biotechnology has helped in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. For society, biotechnology saves time, improves the health and quality of food through a reduction in the use of pesticides and it can create new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases. Biotechnology could address global change since more genetically modified plants are grown.
