Answer:
F = M a = M v^2 / R
If v is increased by three the force will be increased by nine,
C) is correct
To solve this problem we will apply the linear motion kinematic equations. In which the speed is defined as the distance traveled in a certain period of time. In turn we must emphasize that 1 light year is equivalent to
. Mathematically the speed is described as,

Replacing,



Therefore the correct answer is D.
The vertical forces present in a boxcars being pulled by a train are weight and pull of air on the boxcars.
The forces exerted on an object can be resolved into <em>horizontal</em> and <em>vertical components.</em>
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The horizontal components of the forces on an object being pulled include the following;
- The frictional force on the object; which tends to reduce the motion,
- force dragging the object forward
- if the object is inclined to an angle, the horizontal component of the weight
This horizontal force is written as;

The vertical component of the force on the object include the following;
- the weight of the object acting downwards
- the pull of air on the object acting upwards
The vertical force on the object is written as;

Thus, the vertical forces present in a boxcars being pulled by a train are weight and pull of air on the boxcars.
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Since the acceleration is uniform, we can calculate it from the data we are given:
a = (vf - vi)/2
where vf=33 m/s and vi=11 m/s
Then use Suvat's equation:
x(t) = vi*t + 0.5 * a * t
where t=20s