Answer:
winter viscosity grades
Explanation:
The “W”/winter viscosity grades describe the oil's viscosity under cold temperature engine starting conditions. There's a Low Temperature Cranking Viscosity which sets a viscosity requirement at various low temperatures to ensure that the oil isn't too thick so that the starter motor can't crank the engine over.
Your Answer would be A I believe.
Answer:
V1=5<u>ft3</u>
<u>V2=2ft3</u>
n=1.377
Explanation:
PART A:
the volume of each state is obtained by multiplying the mass by the specific volume in each state
V=volume
v=especific volume
m=mass
V=mv
state 1
V1=m.v1
V1=4lb*1.25ft3/lb=5<u>ft3</u>
state 2
V2=m.v2
V2=4lb*0.5ft3/lb= <u> 2ft3</u>
PART B:
since the PV ^ n is constant we can equal the equations of state 1 and state 2
P1V1^n=P2V2^n
P1/P2=(V2/V1)^n
ln(P1/P2)=n . ln (V2/V1)
n=ln(P1/P2)/ ln (V2/V1)
n=ln(15/53)/ ln (2/5)
n=1.377
This question is incomplete, the complete question is;
For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 11.3 h duration at Temperature T1 will raise the carbon concentration to 0.44 wt% at a point 1.8 mm from the surface. A separate experiment is performed at T2 that doubles the diffusion coefficient for carbon in steel.
Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature T2.
Answer:
the required time to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 is 83.733 hrs
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
treatment time t₁ = 11.3 hours
Carbon concentration = 0.444 wt%
thickness at surface x₁ = 1.8 mm = 0.0018 m
thickness at identical steel x₂ = 4.9 mm = 0.0049 m
Now, Using Fick's second law inform of diffusion
/ Dt = constant
where D is constant
then
/ t = constant
/ t₁ =
/ t₂
t₂ = t₁
t₂ = t₁
/ 
t₂ = (
/
)t₁
t₂ =
/
× t₁
so we substitute
t₂ =
0.0049 / 0.0018
× 11.3 hrs
t₂ = 7.41 × 11.3 hrs
t₂ = 83.733 hrs
Therefore, the required time to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 is 83.733 hrs